CMS Level II > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

(59 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Champagne Climate

A

-range from cool-continental to cold

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2
Q

Champagne Geography

A
  • 90 miles Northeast of Paris
  • Northernmost classic region
  • sitting on top of rich deposits of chalk
  • fossilized oyster and bivalve shells
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3
Q

Champagne Grapes

A 
White
-Chardonnay
Red
-Pinot Noir
-Pinot Meunier
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4
Q

Chardonnay in Champagne

A
  • in 2012 30% total plantings
  • here it never fully ripens
  • providing an acidic, extremely light components
  • elegance and longevity
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5
Q

Pinot Noir in Champagne

A
  • in 2012 38% of total plantings
  • here it doesn’t ripen enough to make quality red wine
  • it is used to produce sparkling white wines
  • supports the wine’s structure, richness and body
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6
Q

Pinot Meunier in Champagne

A
  • in 2012 32% of total plantings
  • heartier in the climate and produces the highest yield
  • lends a youthful fruitiness and approachability
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7
Q

Champagne Top Major districts

A
  • Montagne de Reims
  • Vallée de la Marne
  • Côte des Blancs
  • Côte de Sézanne
  • Côte des Bars (Aube)
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8
Q

Montagne de Reims

A
  • Pinot noir is prominent grape

- the vineyards are surprisingly divided between south- and north- facing slopes

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9
Q

Vallée de la Marne

A

-Pinot Meunier is heavily cultivated in the sheltered vineyards of this frost-prone area where it’s tendency to bud late and ripen early is prized by growers

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10
Q

Côte des Blancs

A

-Chardonnay is the dominant and almost exclusive grape

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11
Q

Côte de Sézanne

A

-Chardonnay is the dominant grape

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12
Q

Côte des Bars (Aube)

A

-Pinot Noir is the prominent grape

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13
Q

Méthode Champenoise

A

it is the production method used in Champagne

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14
Q

Méthode Champenoise: 4 basic stages

A
  • primary fermentation
  • secondary fermentation
  • riddling
  • disgorgement
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15
Q

Champagne: Primary fermentation

A
  • to create a dry and still base wine
  • contains no sugar or carbonation
  • goal is to create alcohol
  • can be aged in oak or stainless-steel tanks
  • after aging blending can happen to create the cuvée, or final base, for the sparkling wine
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16
Q

Champagne: secondary fermentation

A
  • happens within the bottle
  • liqueur de tirage is added to the bottle
  • then bottle is capped of with a clown cap
  • used to create carbonation, usually 115 psi
  • as yeast eats sugar it creates small amounts of alcohol and carbon dioxide
  • yeast will eventually starve and die sinking to the bottom (similar to the sur lie aging)
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17
Q

Liqueur de tirage

A
  • a mixture of an exact amount of yeast and sugar

- used to ignite secondary fermentation in Méthode Champenoise

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18
Q

Riddling

A
  • “remuage”

- it is the means of forcing the yeast down into the neck of the bottle

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19
Q

Pupitres

A
  • riddling racks
  • A-frame sandwich boards
  • in here the bottles are turned over time until upside down
  • quarter twist per day
  • by hand riddling
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20
Q

Gyropallet

A
  • piece of equipment used to conduce riddling faster

- bottles stacked upside down and the slowly rocked back and forth

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21
Q

Disgorgement

A
  • “dégorgement”

- when the yeast plug is removed

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22
Q

Steps of Disgorgement

A
  • 1st dip the neck of the bottle in freezing liquid
  • cause the wine that surrounds the yeast to freeze, to precent yeast to fall back
  • once the bottle is upright the cap is popped off
  • the pressure forces the frozen yeast plug violently out of the bottle
  • before the carbonation escapes the wine is ‘dosed’, which means liquid is added back to the bottle
  • then bottle gets corked
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23
Q

Liqueur d’expedition

A
  • refers to the dosage used in Méthode Champenoise

- it is made up of still wine that will sometimes be blended with pure cane sugar

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24
Q

Champagne: Brut Nature/Non-Dosé

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 0-3 grams per liter, no added dosage

- bone dry

25
Champagne: Extra Brut
- 0-6 grams per liter | - very dry
26
Champagne: Brut
- 0-12 grams per liter - dry - most popular style
27
Champagne: Extra Dry/Extra Sec
- 12-17 grams per liter - off-dry - second popular style
28
Champagne: Sec
- 17-32 grams per liter | - semisweet
29
Champagne: Demi-Sec
- 32-50 grams per liter | - quite sweet
30
Champagne: Doux
- 50+ grams per liter - extremely sweet - considered sweet wine
31
NM (Négociant Manipulant)
A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all
32
RM (Récoltant Manipulant)
A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards.
33
CM (Coopérative Manipulant)
A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand
34
RC (Récoltant Coopérateur)
A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label
35
SR (Société de Récoltants)
A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
36
ND (Négociant Distributeur)
A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make
37
MA (Marque d’Acheteur)
A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
38
NM (Négociant Manipulant): Large Champagne houses
``` Moët et Chandon Louis Roederer Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Billecart-Salmon Lanson Taittinger Pol Roger Perrier-Jouët Mumm Laurent-Perrier ```
39
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Quarter Bottle (Piccolo)
187 ml
40
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Half Bottle (Demi)
375 ml
41
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Bottle/Imperial
750 ml
42
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Magnum
1.5 L (2 bottles)
43
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Jeroboam
3 L (4 bottles)
44
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989)
4.5 L (6 bottles)
45
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Methuselah
6 L (8 bottles)
46
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Salmanazar
9 L (12 bottles)
47
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Balthazar
12 L (16 bottles)
48
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Nebuchadnezzar
15 L (20 bottles)
49
Champagne Bottle Sizes: Solomon
18 L (24 bottles)
50
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Bollinger | Aÿ
"La Grande Année", "R.D.", "Vieilles Vignes Françaises"
51
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Charles Heidsieck (Reims)
"Champagne Charlie" (discontinued after 1985 vintage), | "Blanc des Millénaires"
52
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Laurent-Perrier | Tours-sur-Marne
"Grand Siècle" | typically NV
53
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Moët et Chandon | Épernay
"Dom Pérignon", "Dom Pérignon Oenothèque" (both Brut/Brut Rosé)
54
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Pol Roger | Épernay
"Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill"
55
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Louis Roederer | Reims
"Cristal" | Brut and Brut Rosé
56
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Ruinart | Reims
"Dom Ruinart" | Blanc de Blancs and Rosé
57
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Taittinger | Reims
"Comtes de Champagne" (Blanc de Blancs and Rosé) "Taittinger Collection"
58
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin(Reims)
"La Grande Dame" | Brut and Brut Rosé
59
Champagne Prestige Cuvées: CM producer: Nicolas Feuillatte | Chouilly
"Palmes d'Or" | Brut and Brut Rosé
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