1
Q
Place
A
Location + meaning (social construction)
2
Q
What is the difference between space and place?
A
Space is an area with no meaning while place is an area that people have attached meaning to
3
Q
Sense of place
A
- emotional meanings a person has to a place
- subjective
- an example is emotional connection to school
4
Q
Importance of place
A
- sense of belonging
- relates to an aspect of their life
- connection forms identity
5
Q
Sense of belonging example
A
People proud they live in England and support England in football tournaments and in the olympics
6
Q
Insider perspective
A
- familiar with the place
- share cultural values
7
Q
Outsider perspective
A
- feel unwelcome and alienated
- negative experience
- don’t share values
8
Q
Why can changes occur between insiders and outsiders?
A
Personal:
- age (moving away for uni)
- transgender
External:
- gentrification
- migration
9
Q
External changes to a place making people feel like outsiders example
A
Stratford regeneration brought new people making locals feel like outsiders
10
Q
Categories of place
A
- near
- far
- media
- experienced
11
Q
Near places
A
- geographically close
- experienced daily
12
Q
Far places
A
- geographically far
- not experienced daily
13
Q
Media places
A
Places experienced through media such as books or tv
14
Q
Experienced places
A
Places people have spent time in
15
Q
How are media, near, far and experienced places becoming more connected?
A
- globalisation
- shrinking world effect
- we may experience more places through media
- may visit more far places through travelling
- people can feel connected to places they’ve never been too
16
Q
Endogenous factors (8)
A
These are internal factors that shape a places character like:
- location
- topography
- physical geography
- land use
- built environment
- infrastructure
- demographic
- economic characteristics
17
Q
Location as an endogenous factor
A
- where the place is
- is it well connected?
18
Q
Exogenous factors (4)
A
These are the external factors which shape a place like:
- people
- money
- resources
- ideas
19
Q
Topography as an endogenous factor
A
- shape of the landscape
- eg mountains
20
Q
Physical geography as an endogenous factor
A
- drainage
- geology
- climate
21
Q
Land use as an endogenous factor
A
- human activity
- agriculture
- services
22
Q
Built environment as an endogenous factor
A
- infrastructure
- transport
23
Q
Demographic as an endogenous factor
A
Who lives there and what are they like
24
Q
People as an exogenous factor
A
- tourism can create jobs and influence the character
- migration impacts character
25
Money as an exogenous factor
Investment into regeneration projects improves services and environment
26
Resources and ideas as an exogenous factor
Globalisation brings new ideas and cultures
27
Demographic characteristics
Study of statistics that illustrate changing populations like age, sex, education level and race
28
Cultural characteristics
Collection of behaviours and traditions of a group of people like language, beliefs and food
29
Economic characteristics
- income
- employment rate
- link to work and money
30
Social inequality characteristics
Difference between groups of people regarding their quality of life eg healthcare, education and services
31
How do changing flows of people lead to demographic change?
Migrants might be younger to find work which lowers the average age of an area
32
How do changing flows of people change a places cultural characteristics?
New cultural characteristics such as place of worship
33
How do changing flows of people change a places economic characteristics?
Migrants demand services increasing jobs
34
How do changing flows of people change a places social inequality characteristics?
Gentrification can increase wealth gap
35
How do changing flows of resources and ideas change a places demographic characteristics?
Anti natalist or pro natalist policies
36
How do changing flows of resources and ideas change a places cultural characteristics?
Ideas such as environmental protection can change peoples lifestyles
37
How do changing flows of resources and ideas change a places economic characteristics?
Fow of resources into a place can generate jobs eg manufacturing
38
How do changing flows of resources and ideas change a places social inequality characteristics?
Ideas can be restricted eg North Korea's internet ban
39
How do changing flows of money and investment change a places demographic characteristics?
Investment into an area like regeneration may encourage wealthier demographics eg olympics east village
40
How do changing flows of money and investment change a places cultural characteristics?
People who move in due to investment may have new cultures
41
How do changing flows of money and investment change a places economic characteristics?
- regeneration can create jobs
- regeneration of Westfield due to the olympics created 12,000 jobs
42
How do changing flows of money and investment change a places social inequality characteristics?
Investment into infrastructure can reduce deprivation
43
External forces examples
Global:
- TNC's
- global institutions
- media
National:
- government policies
Local:
- community groups
44
What are external forces in the context of place?
Influences from outside a place that shapes its character
45
How do global institutions influence place?
Organisations like the IMF or WB may fund development or regeneration projects that reshape local economies and identities
46
How do TNC's influence place?
- TNC's impact local economies and employment
- their presence can bring investment
- can cause job losses if they relocate
47
How do government policies act as an external force?
- planning decisions
- infrastructure investment
- regeneration schemes
48
How do community groups act as an external force?
- support for homeless people
- resisting unwanted change
- promoting a sense of belonging
49
Past connections
Connections by sea like links for trade
50
Present connections
- not just physical but also internet connections
- financial and banking centres
- trade blocks
51
Globalisation of place
- Doreen Massey
- clone towns and placelessness
52
Clone towns and placelessness
- investment from TNC's
- high streets all look the same
- chain shops like costa
- local shops lose business
- loses uniqueness
53
Place attachment
- the emotional bond between a person and place
- subjective
- positive and negative experiences can impact
54
Place perception
How people view a place
55
Place marketing
- actively promoting a place to attract visitors, investors or residents
- adventure tourism
- an example is Amsterdam
56
Place making
The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interactions
57
Reimaging
- changing negative perceptions of a place
- eg Brighton used to be deprived but is now known for pride
58
Rebranding
- giving a place a new identity could be by including a new name, slogan or purpose
- the London Docklands transforming from a derelict port to the Canary Wharf business hub
59
Formal representation
- statistics eg the census collected by the government every 10 years
- IMD (index of multiple deprivation)
60
Forms of representation
- quantitive
- qualitative
- primary
- secondary
- formal
- informal
61
Informal representation
- newspapers
- photographs
- tv and films
- shows peoples perception and attachment
62
Formal representation pros and cons
Pros:
- less subjective due to numbers
Cons:
- can be subjective as people can chose what information to disclose
- doesn't show emotional attatchement to places
63
Informal representation pros and cons
Pros:
- can give a clearer idea of how people have formed place attachment
Cons:
- very subjective
64
How can tv and films influence place perception in a biased way?
- Top Boy (a netflix series)
- portrays Hackney as dominated by gang violence
- this creates a biased and negative perception
65
Regeneration
The physical improvement of a place normally by investment from an external force
66
How does development shape places?
Industrialisation and deindustrialisation
67
Gentrification
- a more wealthy demographic moves into an area
- can be a consequence of regeneration
68
Impacts of gentrification
- rising house prices
- home owners benefit
69
What is genius loci?
- genius loci is the spirit of a place
- suggests that every place has a unique spirit and atmosphere based on past and current events
70
Economic profile
A key indicator of unemployment and income that a group of people receive
71
Demographic profile
Used to understand what a population is made up of for example by using race or disabilities as a category
72
What did Yi-Fu Tuan suggest on attachment to place?
Attachment to a place grows stronger over time. As you have more experiences in a place, you are more likely to be attached with that place.
73
What is topophilia?
Topophilia concerns the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it.
Geography - Human
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
-
Global systems and global governance135
-
Case study - Apple13
-
Case study - Bananas7
-
Case study - Antarctica25
-
Changing places73
-
Case study - Brick Lane, London16
-
Case study - Detroit, US19
-
Population and environment115
-
Example - Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP)15
-
Case study - Malaria19
-
Case study - Coronary heart disease13
-
Case study - WB, UNICEF, MSF and Oxfam23
-
Case study - Islington18
-
Case study - Japan29
-
Last minute revision119
