1
Q
The skeletal system provides a rigid framework for the body.
A
True
2
Q
Blood cell formation takes place in the spleen.
A
False
3
Q
Vertebrae are made up of flat bones.
A
False
4
Q
Articular cartilage covers the ends of long bones.
A
True
5
Q
Long bones grow in length at the epiphyseal line.
A
False
6
Q
The maxillary bones form the upper jaw.
A
True
7
Q
The sacrum makes up the small of the back.
A
False
8
Q
The shoulder is an example of a hinge joint.
A
False
9
Q
The patella is the kneecap.
A
True
10
Q
The humerus makes up the thigh.
A
False
11
Q
The formation of blood cells is known as hemogenesis.
A
False
12
Q
Osteons are the microscopic units of compact bone.
A
True
13
Q
Calcium is located in an osteonic canal.
A
False
14
Q
The shaft of a long bone is the diaphysis.
A
True
15
Q
The endosteum is the tough fibrous connective tissue that covers a long bone.
A
False
16
Q
A mature bone cell is an osteoblast.
A
False
17
Q
The central indentation of the sternum is the jugular (suprasternal) notch.
A
True
18
Q
The clavicle and scapula make up the pelvic girdle.
A
False
19
Q
The ileum, ischium, and pubis make up the coxal bones.
A
True
20
Q
The ulna is located on the lateral side of the forearm.
A
False
21
Q
- What structures make up the skeletal system?
A
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons associated with bones.
22
Q
- What are the five functions of the skeletal system?
A
Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation.
23
Q
- How is the blood calcium level maintained in the body?
A
When blood calcium levels decrease, calcium is released from the bones. When blood calcium levels
increase, excess calcium is stored in the bones.
24
Q
- What is the function of red bone marrow?
A
Produces blood cells.
25
5. Where is red bone marrow found in the adult?
Bones of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, pelvis.
26
6. What is an osteon?
The microscopic unit of compact bone.
27
7. Describe the following structures that make up an osteon:
a. Osteonic canal (haversian canal):
b. Lamella:
c. Osteocytes:
d. Lacunae:
e. Canaliculi:
a. Osteonic canal (haversian canal): Central canal in the osteon.
b. Lamella: Concentric rings of hard, calcified matrix that surround osteonic canals.
c. Osteocytes: Bone cells.
d. Lacunae: Spaces between the rings of matrix that contain bone cells.
e. Canaliculi: Small channels that radiate from the lacunae to the osteonic canal.
28
8. What is the difference between spongy bone and compact bone?
Spongy bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone.
29
9. List examples of each of the following classifications of bone:
a. Long bones:
b. Short bones:
c. Flat bones:
d. Irregular bones: .
a. Long bones: Thigh, leg, arm, forearm.
b. Short bones: Bones of the wrist and ankle.
c. Flat bones: Most of the bones of the cranium.
d. Irregular bones: Vertebrae and some of the skull bones.
30
10. Describe each of the following structures that make up a long bone:
a. Diaphysis:
b. Medullary cavity:
c. Epiphysis:
d. Articular cartilage:
e. Periosteum:
f. Nutrient foramina:
g. Endosteum:
a. Diaphysis: Shaft of a long bone consisting of compact bone.
b. Medullary cavity: Space inside the shaft of a long bone.
c. Epiphysis: Expanded portion of the end of a long bone.
d. Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of long bones.
e. Periosteum: Tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers a long bone except in the region of the
articular cartilage.
f. Nutrient foramina: Small openings in the diaphysis for the passage of blood vessels.
g. Endosteum: Thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
31
11. What is ossification?
Process of bone formation.
32
12. What is the function of each of the following types of bone cells?
a. Osteoblast:
b. Osteocyte:
c. Osteoclast:
a. Osteoblast: Bone formation.
b. Osteocyte: Mature bone cell.
c. Osteoclast: Breakdown and reabsorption of bone.
33
13. Where is the epiphyseal plate located in a long bone?
Between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
34
14. What type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate?
Hyaline cartilage.
35
15. How do long bones grow in length?
Hyaline cartilage grows by mitosis in the epiphyseal plate, chondrocytes next to the diaphysis age
and degenerate, and then osteoblasts ossify the matrix to form bone.
36
16. When does an individual stop growing in length?
Early 20s.
37
17. What happens to the epiphyseal plate when long bones stop growing?
Completely ossifies.
38
18. What influences bone growth in the body?
Growth hormone from anterior pituitary and sex hormones from the ovaries and testes.
39
19. How many bones make up the skeleton of an adult?
206 bones.
40
20. What are the two divisions of the skeleton? What structures are included in each division?
Axial: bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs, sternum. Appendicular: free appendages and their
attachments to the axial skeleton.
41
21. How many bones make up the skull?
28 bones.
42
22. What is the function of the cranium?
Houses the brain.
43
23. What are sinuses and what is their function?
The sinuses are air-filled cavities that reduce the weight of the skull.
44
24. What bones make up the cranium?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid.
45
25. What is the function of the facial bones?
Form the basic framework and shape of the face.
46
26. What are the names of the three small bones located in the middle ear?
Malleus, incus, stapes.
47
27. What is the function of the hyoid bone?
Serves as a base for the tongue and as an attachment for several muscles associated with
swallowing.
48
28. How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?
26 vertebrae.
49
29. What are the functions of the intervertebral disks?
Serve as shock absorbers and allow the vertebral column to bend.
50
30. What structures make up vertebrae?
Body, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process.
51
31. How many vertebrae are included in each of the following divisions of the vertebral column?
a. Cervical:
b. Thoracic:
c. Lumbar:
a. Cervical: 7
b. Thoracic: 12
c. Lumbar: 5
52
32. Describe the following:
a. Sacrum:
b. Coccyx:
a. Sacrum: Triangular bone located just below the lumbar vertebrae.
b. Coccyx: Last part of the vertebral column (tailbone).
53
33. What are the functions of the thoracic cage?
Protects the heart, lungs, and great vessels; supports bones of the shoulder girdle; plays a role in
breathing.
54
34. What is the name of the central indentation in the superior margin of the sternum?
Jugular (suprasternal) notch.
55
35. How many pairs of ribs are present in the human skeleton?
12 pairs.
56
36. What is the difference between true ribs and false ribs?
True ribs attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage. The costal cartilage of false ribs does not reach the sternum directly.
57
37. What are floating ribs?
Ribs that do not have an anterior attachment.
58
38. What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
Movement.
59
39. What two bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula.
60
40. What is another name for the clavicle?
Collarbone.
61
41. What is the name of the shallow depression on the scapula where the head of the humerus connects to the scapula?
Glenoid cavity.
62
42. What bone is located in the upper arm?
Humerus.
63
43. What bones are located in the forearm?
Radius and ulna.
64
44. State the location of the following bones making up the hand:
a. Carpal bones:
b. Metacarpal bones:
c. Phalanges:
a. Carpal bones: Wrist
b. Metacarpal bones: Palm of the hand
c. Phalanges: Bones of the fingers
65
45. What are the functions of the pelvic girdle?
Attaches lower extremities to axial skeleton; provides a strong support for the weight of the body;
provides support and protection for the urinary bladder, a portion of the large intestine, and
reproductive organs.
66
46. What three bones fuse to form a coxal bone?
Ilium, ischium, pubis.
67
47. What is the symphysis pubis?
Joint where the two pubic bones meet.
68
48. What bone is located in the thigh?
Femur.
69
49. What is the patella?
Kneecap.
70
50. What is the function of the patella?
Protects the knee joint.
71
51. What bones are located in the leg?
Fibula and tibia.
72
52. What does the lateral malleolus do?
Forms the lateral bulge of the ankle.
73
53. Describe the location of the following bones making up the foot:
a. Tarsal bones:
b. Calcaneus bone:
c. Metatarsal bones:
d. Phalanges:
a. Tarsal bones: Ankle
b. Calcaneus bone: Heel bone
c. Metatarsal bones: Instep
d. Phalanges: Bones of the toes and ball of the foot
74
54. What is an articulation?
Place where two bones come together.
75
55. What is a synarthrosis?
Immovable joint.
76
56. What is an example of a synarthrosis?
Sutures in the skull.
77
57. What is an amphiarthrosis?
Slightly movable joint.
78
58. What is an example of an amphiarthrosis?
Ribs connected to the sternum by costal cartilage; symphysis pubis; joints between the vertebrae.
79
59. What is a diarthrosis?
Freely movable joint.
80
60. Describe the following parts of a diarthrosis:
a. Articular cartilage:
b. Joint cavity:
c. Joint capsule:
d. Synovial membrane:
e. Synovial fluid:
a. Articular cartilage: Composed of hyaline cartilage; covers the ends of the opposing bones of the
joint.
b. Joint cavity: Space that separates the opposing bones of the joint.
c. Joint capsule: Encloses the components of the joint.
d. Synovial membrane: Inner layer of the joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity.
e. Synovial fluid: Lubricates the joint.
81
61. What is the function of fibrocartilaginous pads located in the knee?
Help stabilize the knee joint and act as shock absorbers.
82
62. What are bursae?
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints.
83
63. What are the functions of bursae?
Act as cushions and help reduce friction.
84
64. List examples of the following types of joints. What range of movement is possible with each of the following joints?
a. Ball-and-socket
Ex. Shoulder and hip joints ROM: Widest range of movement in all planes
85
b. Condyloid
Ex. Metacarpals and metatarsals with phalanges ROM: Angular motion (not rotation)
86
c. Saddle
Ex. Thumb joint
ROM: Wide range of movement
87
d. Pivot
Ex. Joint between atlas and axis
ROM: Rotation
88
e. Hinge
Ex. Elbow and knee joints
ROM: Flexion and extension
89
f. Gliding
Ex. Carpals in wrist, tarsals in ankle
ROM: Sliding or twisting without circular movement
MEDA 701 902
flashcards
Decks in class (22)
# Cards
-
Chapter 9: Nervous System92
-
Chapter 10: The Senses85
-
Chapter 20: The Physical Examination85
-
Med Term 47
-
NHA Module 4: Body Systems: Integumentary57
-
Chapter 21 Eye and Ear Assessment and Procedures42
-
Chapter 07: Skeletal System89
-
Module 4 - General Patient Care Part 130
-
Module 8 - Special Senses: Ears And Eyes3
-
Chapter 25: Minor Office Surgery90
-
Chapter 22: Physical Agents to Promote Tissue Healing65
-
NHA Module 2 - Anatomy & Physiology2
-
Chapter 33: Blood Chemistry Tests38
-
Chapter 32: Hematology0
-
Chapter 29: Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory26
-
Chapter 34: Medical Microbiology15
-
NHA Module 7 - Point of Care Testing and Laboratory Procedures79
-
NHA Module 11 - Body Systems: Blood And Immunity159
-
Chapter 12 : Circulatory System99
-
Chapter 31 : Phlebotomy103
-
Chapter 13 : Respiratory System60
-
Chapter 27 : Cardiopulmonary Procedures2
