Chapter 1

Question 1

Give all the clinical applications of physical agents

Answer 1

• Modulation of Pain
• Alteration of Muscle Activation
• Decreasing Inflammation and Facilitate Tissue Healing
• Increase Tissue Extensibility

Question 2

Give the 2 theories of pain relief

Answer 2

1. Gate Control Theory
2. Endogenous Opioid System

Question 3

Pain modulated by endogenous opioid-like peptides called opiopeptins or endorphins

Answer 3

Endogenous Opioid System

Question 4

This theory includes A-delta fibers and C fibers and the substantia gelatinosa

Answer 4

Gate Control Theory

Question 5

Depolarization of peripheral nerves to recruit more motor units

Answer 5

Facilitation

Question 6

Decrease motor nerve conduction or sympathetic activity

Answer 6

Inhibition

Question 7

Decrease BF and metabolic activity to reduce swelling

Answer 7

Inflammatory Phase

Question 8

Enhance BF and cellular activity to promote tissue healing

Answer 8

Proliferative/Proliferation Phase

Question 9

Influence maturation and organization of collagen and restores functional integrity

Answer 9

Maturation Phase

Question 10

Phagocytosis is under what phase of tissue healing?

Answer 10

Inflammatory Phase

Question 11

What phase of tissue healing is vasoconstriction, followed by vasodilation?

Answer 11

Inflammatory Phase

Question 12

Epithilealization, Fibroplasia, Wound Contracture, and Neovascularization is under this phase of tissue healing

Answer 12

Proliferation Phase

Question 13

Collagen synthesis and collagen fiber orientation is done in this phase

Answer 13

Maturation Phase

Question 14

T/F: Cold facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Give the 3 types of Physical Modalities

Answer 15

1. Thermal
2. Electromagnetic
3. Mechanical

Question 16

Transfer of energy to a patient to inc/dec tissue temp.

Answer 16

Thermal modalities

Question 17

Give at least 2 examples of Thermal modalities

Answer 17

HMP, Paraffin Wax Bath, Fluidotherapy, Ultrasound, Diathermy, Cold Packs, Vapocoolant Sprays, Cold Whirlpool

Question 18

Give the four methods of heat transfer and give one modality classified under it

Answer 18

1. Conduction: HMP, Cold Packs, Paraffin Wax Bath
2. Convection: Cold Whirlpool, Fluidotherapy
3. Evaporation: Vapocoolant Spray
4. Conversion: Ultrasound, Diathermy

Question 19

Electrical to Mechanical Energy

Answer 19

Reverse/Inverse/Converse Piezoelectric Effect

Question 20

Hydrotherapy is under this type of physical agent

Answer 20

Mechanical Agents

Question 20

T/F: Can ultrasound be classified under mechanical agents?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) is under what sub-category of mechanical agents?

Answer 21

Pressure

Question 22

T/F: Shorter wavelength = higher oscillation frequency

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Representation of various wave energies

Answer 23

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 24

Give 2 modalities under electromagnetic field agents

Answer 24

Diathermy, Infrared Radiation (IRR), Laser, Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)

Question 25

What does NES mean?

Answer 25

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Question 26

Give the meaning of TENS

Answer 26

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Question 27

Conditions or factors in which a pt is at risk of experiencing an adverse event

Answer 27

Precautions

Question 28

Conditions or factors in which a treatment/modality over a specific body region should not be applied

Answer 28

Contraindications

Question 29

Give an example of Precautions (accdg. to ppt)

Answer 29

Age, Impaired Sensation, Unconciousness, Pregnancy

Question 30

Give an example of Contraindications

Answer 30

Electronic Implants, Hemorrhagic conditions, Active Deep Venous Thrombosis, Cancer, Fever,

Question 31

Order of Documentation for Physical Modalities

Answer 31

1. Modality 2. Body Region 3. Patient Position 4. Parameters 5. Rationale