LLLT

Question 1

Meaning of LASER

Answer 1

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Question 2

First use of laser in rehab

Answer 2

2002

Question 3

Characteristics of LASER

Answer 3

Monochromatic, Collimated, Coherent

Question 4

T/F: LASER is low-intensity light in one area

Answer 4

F; laser is high-intensity light

Question 5

Types of LASER

Answer 5

Helium-Neon(HeNE), Ruby, Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide (GaAlAs)

Question 6

Absorption of radiation by electrons

Answer 6

Spontaneous Absorption

Question 7

Release of photons by electrons d/t the absorbed energy

Answer 7

Spontaneous Emission

Question 8

Combination of spontaneous absorption and spontaneous emission

Answer 8

Stimulated emission

Question 9

Penetration of HeNe LASER

Answer 9

632.8 nm

Question 10

Type with highest penetration

Answer 10

GaAs - 904-910 nm

Question 11

GaAlAs type penetration

Answer 11

860-780 nm

Question 12

Penetration of Ruby Laser

Answer 12

694.3 nm

Question 13

Described as mW

Answer 13

Power

Question 14

Power Density unit

Answer 14

mW/cm^2

Question 15

Maximum power density

Answer 15

100 mW/cm^2

Question 16

Power with time component (W x seconds)

Answer 16

Energy

Question 17

Described as J/cm^2

Answer 17

Energy density

Question 18

Therapeutic Range of energy density

Answer 18

0.5 to 20 J/cm^2

Question 19

Main classification of LASER used in therapy

Answer 19

3B with less than or equal to 500 mW power

Question 20

T/F: Viewing of diffused beam reflected off the skin is safe

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What happens to the eye c brief exposure to the LASER

Answer 21

permanent damage

Question 22

Adverse effect of prolonged skin exposure to LASER

Answer 22

minor burns

Question 23

Therapeutic effects of LASER

Answer 23

Pain control

Inflammation Control

Wound Healing

Question 24

Continue: Chromophore activation

Answer 24

-> inc mitochondrial cytochrome oxidative metabolism -> photobiomodulation -> analgesia, inhibition of bacterial growth, anti-inflammation, inc collagen & protein synthesis, enhanced cell metabolism

Question 25

Bacteria inhibited by Red LASER

Answer 25

P. Aeruginosa & S. Aureus

Question 26

Bacteria inhibited by HeNe LASER

Answer 26

P. Aeruginosa, S. Aureus, E. Coli

Question 27

Bacteria inhibited by blue light

Answer 27

P. Aeruginosa & S. Aureus

Question 28

What type of LASER alter NCV & regeneration

Answer 28

Red Laser (632.8-670 nm)

Question 29

Indications for LLLT, except: - Dermal Wounds - Tendinopathies - Trigger points - RA & OA - TMJ Disorders - CTS

Answer 29

None, all are indications

Question 30

Contraindications of LLLT, except: - Over the eyes, thyroid, lower back of pregnant women - Pts c hemorrhage/epilepsy/Malignancy - Within 4-6 mos of radiotherapy - Pts c photophobia

Answer 30

Pts c photophobia; it is a precaution

Question 31

Precautions of LLLT

Answer 31

- epiphyseal plates in children - pts c impaired sensation or mentation - Pts c photophobia

Question 32

Energy density for soft tissue/fracture healing

Answer 32

5-16 J/cm^2

Question 33

Energy density for Acute arthritis

Answer 33

2-4 J/cm^2

Question 34

Energy density for chronic arthritis

Answer 34

4-8 J/cm^2

Question 35

Energy density for lymphedema

Answer 35

1.5 J/cm^2

Question 36

Energy density for neuopathies

Answer 36

10-12 J/cm^2E

Question 37

Energy density for acute soft tissue inflammation

Answer 37

2-8 J/cm^2

Question 38

Energy density for chronic soft tissue inflammation

Answer 38

10-20 J/cm^2

Question 39

4 Application techniques for LLLT

Answer 39

- Stationary c contact - Stationary c non-contact - Gridding - Scanning

Question 40

Complete documentation format for LLLT

Answer 40

(Type of LASER) x (energy density) x (duration) on (body area) to (rationale)