Chapter 1

Question 1

It was derived from the Latin word, “persona”, which means mask.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

Personality was derived from the Latin word, “persona”, which means WHAT.

Answer 2

mask

Question 3

In the WHAT world, the theatrical mask was originally used to either represent or project a specific personality trait of a character.

Answer 3

ancient

Question 4

“pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time”

Answer 4

Personality

Question 5

“It is the sum of biologically based and learnt behavior which forms the person’s unique responses to environmental stimuli.”

Answer 5

Personality

Question 6

Personality is that “pattern of characteristic WHAT, WHAT, and WHAT that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time”.

Answer 6

thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 7

Refers to the genetic or hormone-based behaviors, traits, and dispositions.

Answer 7

Nature

Question 8

Biological Influence

Answer 8

Nature

Question 9

it is commonly defined as environment, culture, and experiences.

Answer 9

Nurture

Question 10

Environmental & Cultural Influences

Answer 10

Nurture

Question 11

also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM)

Answer 11

The Big Five personality traits

Question 12

a model based on common language descriptors of personality.

Answer 12

The Big Five personality traits, also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM)

Question 13

This widely examined theory suggests five broad dimensions used by some psychologists to describe the human personality and psyche.

Answer 13

O - Openness to experience
C - Conscientiousness
E - Extraversion
A - Agreeableness
N - Neuroticism

Question 14

describes a person’s degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity, appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience.

Answer 14

1. Openness to Experience

Question 15

It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent, and depicts a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine.

Answer 15

1. Openness to Experience

Question 16

1. Openness to Experience
   High Level:
   Low Level:

Answer 16

High Level: Inventive / Curious
Low Level: Consistent / Cautious

Question 17

a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement.

Answer 17

2. Conscientiousness

Question 18

It also refers to planning, organization, and dependability.

Answer 18

2. Conscientiousness

Question 19

People with high WHAT are perceived as organized and efficient in their work.

Answer 19

2. Conscientiousness

Question 20

low WHAT is associated with flexibility and spontaneity.

Answer 20

2. Conscientiousness

Question 21

2. Conscientiousness
   High Level:
   Low Level:

Answer 21

High Level: Efficient / Organized
Low Level: Easy-going / Careless

Question 22

describes energy, positive emotions, assertiveness, sociability, talkativeness, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.

Answer 22

3. Extraversion

Question 23

High WHAT is often perceived as attention seeking, and domineering.

Answer 23

3. Extraversion

Question 24

Low WHAT causes a reserved, reflective personality, which can be perceived as aloof or self-absorbed.

Answer 24

3. Extraversion

Question 25

3. Extraversion High Level: Low Level:

Answer 25

High Level: Outgoing / Energetic Low Level: Solitary / Reserved

Question 26

a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others.

Answer 26

4. Agreeableness

Question 27

It is also a measure of one's trusting and helpful nature, and whether a person is generally well-tempered or not.

Answer 27

4. Agreeableness

Question 28

High WHAT is often seen as naive or submissive.

Answer 28

4. Agreeableness

Question 29

Low WHAT personalities are often competitive or challenging people, which can be seen as argumentative or untrustworthy.

Answer 29

4. Agreeableness

Question 30

4. Agreeableness High Level: Low Level:

Answer 30

High Level: Friendly / Compassionate Low Level: Analytical / Detached

Question 31

a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability.

Answer 31

5. Neuroticism

Question 32

also refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control.

Answer 32

5. Neuroticism

Question 33

5. Neuroticism High Level: Low Level:

Answer 33

High Level: Sensitive / Nervous Low Level: Secure / Confident

Question 34

a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.

Answer 34

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Question 35

These preferences were extrapolated from the typological theories originated by WHO, as published in his WHEN book Psychological Types (English edition, 1923).

Answer 35

Carl Gustav Jung, 1921

Question 36

The original developers of the personality inventory were

Answer 36

Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers.

Question 37

16 different personality types

Answer 37

The 16 personality types are: ENTJ, ENFJ, ESFJ, ESTJ, ENTP, ENFP, ESFP, ESTP, INTJ, INFJ, ISFJ, ISTJ, INTP, INFP, ISFP, ISTP

Question 38

are energized by people, enjoy a variety of tasks, a quick pace, and are good at multitasking.

Answer 38

Extroverts

Question 39

often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.

Answer 39

Introverts

Question 40

realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details. They apply common sense and past experience to find practical solutions to problems.

Answer 40

Sensors

Question 41

prefers to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns, value innovation, and seek creative solutions to problems.

Answer 41

Intuitives

Question 42

tend to make their decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness.

Answer 42

Thinkers

Question 43

tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how other will be affected by their actions.

Answer 43

Feelers

Question 44

tend to be organized and prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules.

Answer 44

Judgers

Question 45

prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously and like to be flexible with making plans.

Answer 45

Perceivers

Question 46

refers to the “process of improving or transforming the personality”.

Answer 46

Personality development

Question 47

It includes activities that improve awareness and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability, enhance quality of life and contribute to the realization of dreams and aspirations.

Answer 47

Personality development

Question 48

Significance of Personality development

Answer 48

a. Personality development increases confidence: b. Personality development enhances credibility: c. Personality development improves your communication skills: d. Personality development enhances the capacity to lead and motivate: