Chapter 1

Question 1

______ process, approaches, drivers, tools, and techniques for required for successful SI, critical success factors, and best practices

Answer 1

System Integration

Question 2

An array of components designed to accomplish a particular objective according to plan.

Answer 2

System

Question 3

May sub-systems many be designed which later on are ______ to form a system which is intended to achieve a specific objective which may be set by the Project manager

Answer 3

Combined together

Question 4

This means a system is made up of _______ or ______ (these could be software modules, hardware, processes or even people) that are carefuly designed to work together toward a specific goal

Answer 4

different parts or components

Question 5

______ is the process of combining different subsystems or components into one unified system so that they work together seamlessly to achieve a common goal

Answer 5

System Integration

Question 6

All subsystems communicate, sharing data and processes, so the unified system ______

Answer 6

works efficiently

Question 7

System architecture refers to the ____ and organization of a system, showing how its component or modules are arranged, interact, and work together to achieve the system’s objectives

Answer 7

Structed design

Question 8

4 types of System Integration

Answer 8

1. Horizontal Integration
2. Vertical Integration
3. Star Integration (Spaghetti Integration)
4. Common Data Format / Middleware Integration

Question 9

____ is a type of system integration where different subsystems at the same functional level are connected and made to work together

Answer 9

Horizontal Integration

Question 10

It typically uses a central interface or middleware to enmable communication between subsystems

Answer 10

Horizontal Integration

Question 11

It connects system that perform similar functions or operate at the same layer in an organization

Answer 11

Same Level Integration

Question 12

Usually uses middleware, API, or integration platform as a central point for all data exchange

Answer 12

Centralized Communication

Question 13

What are the Key Features of Horizontal Integration

Answer 13

• Same Level Integration
• Centralized Communication
• Data Sharing
• Flexibility and Scalability

Question 14

New subsystems can be added without redesigning the entire system

Answer 14

Flexibility and Scalability

Question 15

______in system integration is when subsystems are connected across different levels of a hierarchy, usully from the operational level (Bottom) up to the management or decision-making level (top)

Answer 15

Vertical Integration

Question 16

What are the Key features of Vertical Integration

Answer 16

• Layered Approach
• Data Flow
• Domain-specific

Question 17

Information flows upward for decision-making and downward for commands or updates

Answer 17

Data Flow

Question 18

Vertical integration often focusses on one specific process or department.

Answer 18

Domain-specific

Question 19

Star Integration is also called ____

Answer 19

Spaghetti Integration

Question 20

______ is a system integration approach where each subssytem is directly connected to every other subsystem it needs to communicate with

Answer 20

Star Integration

Question 21

What are the key features of Star Integration

Answer 21

• Direct Connection
• Point to Point Network
• Looks like a start

Question 22

Each sytem has its own separate link to every other system

Answer 22

Direct Connection

Question 23

Communication is established without a central hub or middleware

Answer 23

Point to Point Network

Question 24

_____ is a system integration approach where all subsystems exchange data through a central middleware that uses a stardardized data format

Answer 24

Common Data Format / Middleware Integratiopn

Question 25

What are the Methods of System Integration

Answer 25

1. Point to point integration 2. Vertical Integration 3. Star Integration 4. Common Data format / Middleware integration

Question 26

1. Direct connection between systems. 2. Simple for a few systems, but hard to manage at scale

Answer 26

Point to point integration

Question 27

1. Layered integration from top management to operational levels 2. Helps in hierarchical control and reporting

Answer 27

Vertical Integraiton

Question 28

Similar to point to point but visualized as a star with one central system connecting to others

Answer 28

Star Integration

Question 29

Uses a centralized middleware to handle communication and data exchange

Answer 29

Common data format / middleware integration

Question 30

The ____ a project goes through from start to finis

Answer 30

overall process

Question 31

What are the typical project phases

Answer 31

1. Initiation 2. Planning 3. Execution 4. Monitoring and Controlling 5. Closure

Question 32

1. Define the project’s purpose, scope, and feasibility. 2. Deliverable: Project Charter or Proposal. 3. Example: Deciding to develop a new university grading system.

Answer 32

Initiation

Question 33

1. Detailed plan of what needs to be done, when, and by whom. 2. Deliverable: Project Plan, Schedules, Budget. 3. Example: Creating the timeline, assigning developers, estimating costs.

Answer 33

Planning

Question 34

1. Actual work to produce the deliverables. 2. Deliverable: Product, Service, or Result. 3. Example: Coding the grading system, testing features.

Answer 34

Execution

Question 35

1. Track progress, ensure goals are met, handle changes. 2. Deliverable: Status Reports, Change Requests. 3. Example: Adjusting the coding schedule after delays.

Answer 35

Monitoring and Controlling

Question 36

1. Finalize all activities, hand over deliverables, review lessons learned. 2. Deliverable: Final Report, Sign-off. 3. Example: Turning over the grading system to the university and training staff.

Answer 36

Closure

Question 37

A software process is defined as a ____ of work activities, actions, and tasks that are performed when some work product is to be created.

Answer 37

collection

Question 38

What are the Process Model?

Answer 38

1. Waterfall Model 2. Incremental Process Model 3. Rad (Rapid Application Development) 4. Prototype Process Model 5. Spiral Process Model 6. Concurrent Process Model 7. Agile Model

Question 39

The ______, sometimes called the classic life cycle, suggests a systematic, sequential approach to software development that begins with customer specification of requirements and progresses through planning, modeling, construction, and deployment, culminating in ongoing support of the completed software.

Answer 39

waterfall model

Question 40

The ____ combines elements of linear and parallel process flow

Answer 40

Incremental Process

Question 41

____ applies linear sequences in a staggered fashion as calendar time progresses

Answer 41

Incremental Process

Question 42

- is a type of incremental model - the components or functions are developed in parallel as if they were mini projects - the developments are time boxed, delivered and then assembled into a working prototype - can quickly give the customer something to see and use and to provide feedback regarding the delivery and their requirements

Answer 42

RAD (Rapid APplication Development)

Question 43

- instead of freezing the requirements before a design or coding can proceed, a throwaway prototype is built to understand the requirements - developed based on the currently known requirements - the client can get an "actual feel" of the sytem, since the interactions with prototype can enable the client to better understand the requirement so fhte desired system

Answer 43

Prototype Model

Question 44

- It was originally proposed by Barry Boehm

Answer 44

Spiral Model

Question 45

One is a ____ for incrementally growing a system's degree of definition and implementation while decreasing its degree of risk

Answer 45

Cyclic approach

Question 45

- an evolutionary software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systemaatic aspect of the waterfall model - provides the potential for rapid development of increasingly more complete versions of the software. - is a risk-driven process model generator that is used to guide multi-stakehlder concurrent engineering of software intensive systems

Answer 45

Spiral Model

Question 46

The other is a set of _____ for ensuring stakeholders commitment to feasible and mutually satisfactory system solution

Answer 46

Anchor point milestones

Question 47

Concurrent models sometimes called _____

Answer 47

concurrent engineering

Question 48

- allows a software team to represent iterative and concurrent elements of any of the process models - all software engineering activities exist concurrently but reside in different states

Answer 48

Concurent model

Question 49

____ is essentially flexible, iterative, and customer-focused approach that values collaboration, working software, and adaptability over rigid pllanning and documentation

Answer 49

Agile Model