Chapter 2

Question 1

In software engineering, a _______ is a structured approach to planning, designing, developing, testing, deplyong, and maintaining software.

Answer 1

Software development model

Question 2

Software development model is also called ______

Answer 2

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Question 3

The ______ is one of earliest and most traditional sofware development models

Answer 3

Waterfall model

Question 4

Who introduced waterfall model?

Answer 4

Dr. Winston W. Royce in 1970

Question 5

Waterfall model follows a _____ approach, where each development phase must be completed before the next begins

Answer 5

Linear and sequential approach

Question 6

The name “Waterfall” comes from it ______ like a waterfall through the stages of development. This makes it simple, structured, and easy to manage

Answer 6

Step-by-step downward flow

Question 7

Waterfall divides the project into distinct phases, such as requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. each phase builds upon the completion of the previous one

Answer 7

Sequential Phase

Question 8

Extensive ____ is a key point of the waterfall methodology.

Answer 8

Documetation

Question 9

Waterfall typically involves minimal customer or stakeholder involvement until the final product is delivered.

Answer 9

Minimal Customer Involvement

Question 10

Goal: Collect and document all user and system requiremtn

Answer 10

Requirement Analysis

Question 11

Goal: convert requirements into a blueprint for the system

Answer 11

System Design

Question 13

Goal: translate the design into actual code

Answer 13

Implementation

Question 14

Goal: Release the product to the customer

Answer 14

Deployment

Question 15

Goal: Keep the system running smoothly after deployment

Answer 15

Maintenance

Question 16

The waterfall model is a ______ that offers simplicity and structure. While it is not suitable for complex, evolving projects, it is still valuable in industries rquiring predictability, documentation, and strict processes

Answer 16

foundational SDLC approach

Question 17

Type of software development model that emphasized quick prototyping, fast iterations, and use involvement over lengthy documentation and rigid planning

Answer 17

Rapid Application Model (RAD)

Question 18

RAD focuses on ______, gathering feedback from users, and refining the system in multiple interations until the final product is achieved

Answer 18

building functional prototypes quickly

Question 19

The ____ is useful when project requirements are not fully known at the start or are expexted to change during development

Answer 19

RAD model

Question 20

• Users and developers work together to design the system
• Tools such as CASE (Computer-aidded software engneering) tools, diagrams, mockups, and prototypes are used
• involves through frequent iterations and feedback

Answer 20

User design phase

Question 21

Advantages of RAD model

Answer 21

1. Faster development
2. High user satisfaction
3. Flexibility
4. Reduced risks
5. Encourages reusability
6. Improved quality

Question 22

Disadvantages of RAD model

Answer 22

1. Required skilled developers and designers
2. Not suitable for large, complex projects
3. High dependence on user availability
4. Requires powerful tools and infrastructure
5. Scope creep risk
6. High cost for resources

Question 23

The _____ is an effective methodology for delivering software quickly and efficiently while maintaining strong user involvement

Answer 23

Rapid Application Developmen Model

Question 24

The _____ is a software development approach where a prototype is built, tested, and refined until it evolves into the final produc

Answer 24

Prototyping Model

Question 25

A ____ is an early approximation of a final system or product. It is not the complete software but a partial implementation that demonstrates core features, user interface, or workflow

Answer 25

Prototype

Question 26

The ___ is an effective approach when project requirements are unclear or evolvingf. By engaging users early and often, it ensures that the final system meets users needs and expectations

Answer 26

Prototyping Model

Question 27

The _____ is a software development approach where the system is designed, implemented, and tested in small increments until the final product is complete. Instead of delivering the entire system at once, developers divide it into smaller modules or parts. Each increment adds new functionality to the software, and the product grows progressisvely

Answer 27

Incremental Model

Question 28

The _____ is an effective approach when projects need early delivery, gradual improvements, and flexibility in handling changing requirements. While it requires careful planning and can be costly in integration, its benefits in terms of early usability, reduced risk, and customer satisfaction make it one of the most widely used models in modern software development

Answer 28

Incremental model

Question 29

One of the most widely used models in modern software development

Answer 29

Incremental Model

Question 30

The incremental model applies _____ in a staggered fashion as calendar time progresses

Answer 30

Linear sequences

Question 31

The ____ is a powerful software development approach that allows sytems to evolve through repeated cycles of development, testing, and feedback. It reduces risks, improves quality, and adapts to changing requirements.

Answer 31

Iterative Model

Question 32

____ is a software development methology that emphasizes: - iterative and incremental delivery - customer collaboration - flexibility in responding to chang - continuous improvement

Answer 32

Agile model

Question 33

What are the four core values of Agile

Answer 33

1. Individuals and Interactions 2. Working Software 3. Customer Collaboration 4. Responding to change

Question 34

_____ is a lightweight Agile framework used to manage and control software development. It provides a structured process with defined roles, events, and artifacts that help teams deliver working software incrementally

Answer 34

Scrum

Question 35

T or F Scrum is a methodology

Answer 35

False. It is a framework

Question 36

What are the Scrum Roles

Answer 36

1. Product Owner 2. Scrum Master 3. Development Team

Question 37

What are the Scrum Events

Answer 37

1. Sprint Planning 2. Daily Scrum 3. Sprint Review 4. Sprint Retrospective

Question 38

What are the Scrum Artifacts

Answer 38

1. Product Backlog 2. Sprint Backlog 3. Increment

Question 39

Scrum Role: - represents the customer/stakeholders - manages the product backlog - ensures the team delivers value to the business

Answer 39

Product Owner

Question 40

Scrum Role: - Facilitates the scrum process - ensures scrum principle are followed - removes obstacles for the team - acts as a servant-leader, not a boss

Answer 40

Scrum Master

Question 41

Scrum role: - cross-functional professional - self-organizing, no external manager - reponsible for delivering potentially shippable increments each sprint

Answer 41

Development Team

Question 42

Scrum Event: - held at the start of the each sprint - product owner presents prioritized backlog items - team decides what they can deliver in the sprint - sprint goal is defined

Answer 42

Sprint Planning

Question 43

Scrum event: - 15-minute daily meeting - Team member answer: What did I do yesterday?

Answer 43

Daily Scrum (Daily Stand-up)

Question 44

Scrum Event: - Held at the end of each sprint - Team demonstrates the completed increment to stakeholders - feedback is collected to adjust the product backlog

Answer 44

Sprint Review

Question 45

Scrum Event: - After the sprint review - Team reflects on the sprint process - Discusses what went well, what didn't, and how to improve in the next sprint

Answer 45

Sprint Retrospective

Question 46

Scrum Artifacts: - An ordered list of all features, requirements, and enhancements for the product - owned and prioritized by the product owner

Answer 46

Product Backlog

Question 47

Scrum Artifact: - A list of tasks selected for a specific sprint - created during sprint planning

Answer 47

Sprint backlog

Question 48

Scrum artifact: - the sum of all completed backlog items during a sprint - must be in a usable state, meeting the definition of done

Answer 48

Increment

Question 49

____ is a philosophy and minset for flexible, iterative software development

Answer 49

Agile

Question 50

____ is a structured framework withint Agile that defines roles, events, and artifacts to implement Agile effectively

Answer 50

Scrum

Question 51

- Best for projects with stable requirements. - Less flexible, changes are costly. - Suitable for regulated industries (healthcare, defense).

Answer 51

Traditional Model (Waterfall, V-Model)

Question 52

- More adaptable than Waterfall. - Provide early delivery of working software. - Good for projects with evolving requirements.

Answer 52

Incremental & Iterative Models

Question 53

- Focuses heavily on risk analysis. - Suitable for large, mission-critical systems. - More expensive due to risk assessments.

Answer 53

Spiral Model

Question 54

- Prioritizes speed and prototyping. - Works best when deadlines are tight but project size is manageable.

Answer 54

RAD model

Question 55

- Most popular in modern software development. - Highly flexible, customer-focused, and iterative. - Encourages collaboration and continuous delivery. - Works best in industries where requirements change frequently (startups, web/app dev).

Answer 55

Agile & Scrum

Question 56

- No process, just coding. - Works only for small experimental or research projects, but highly risky.

Answer 56

Big Bang