Chapter 1

Question 1

Define social welfare

Answer 1

An organized system that provides social services and programs to assist individuals and families.

Question 2

Define social work

Answer 2

A social change-focused profession that works with individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their wellbeing

Question 3

What is the Medicine Wheel?

Answer 3

An ancient symbol that signifies a holistic method of helping and healing individuals, families and communities.

Question 4

What is Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit?

Answer 4

The Inuit language term for traditional Indigenous knowledge of the Inuit or “that which has been known by Inuit”

Question 5

What did the term “deserving poor” mean?

Answer 5

Those in poverty through no fault of their own

Question 6

What did the term “undeserving poor” mean?

Answer 6

Those considered capable of work in some form or another, but are unemployed

Question 7

Define indoor relief

Answer 7

Institutionalized assistance (e.g., poorhouse, almshouse, or workhouse)

Question 8

Define outdoor relief

Answer 8

Relief is brought to family in their home

Question 9

What are the 3 cultural forces that laid the foundation for Canadian social work today?

Answer 9

1. English, 2. French, 3. indigenous

Question 10

What is the basis of Indigenous helping and healing traditions?

Answer 10

Their worldview

Question 11

How do Indigenous traditions vary from English and French traditions

Answer 11

English and French = written histories, Indigenous = oral histories

Question 12

What are the 6 principles of the Medicine Wheel?

Answer 12

1. Wholeness, 2. Balance, 3. Connection, 4. Harmony, 5. Growth, 6. Healing

Question 13

What are the roles of Elders?

Answer 13

Share knowledge, abilities, spiritual paths and experiences through role modelling, storytelling, ceremonies and sharing circles

Question 14

What are Elders concerned about?

Answer 14

Maintenance of cultural teachings, their ability to pass them on to new generation

Question 15

What are the role of traditional healers?

Answer 15

Assist Indigenous communities toward healing through herbal remedies and the use of therapies such as sleep, walking, running and rest therapies.

Question 16

How did colonization affect Elders?

Answer 16

Need advice to assist younger people in addressing modern problems

Question 17

What are the 4 laws of IQ?

Answer 17

1. Work for the common good
2. Respect all living things
3. Maintain harmony and balance
4. Plan and prep for future

Question 18

What are the 8 principles of IQ?

Answer 18

1. Inuuqatigitsiarniq: Respect others, relationships and care for people
2. Tunnganariq: Foster good spirit via open, welcome and inclusive
3. Pijitsirniq: Serve and provide for family and community
4. Aajiqatigiinniq: Using consensus & discussion for decision making
5. Pilimmaksarniq: Skills and knowledge development through OMP
6. Piliriqatigiinniq: Collab for the common good
7. Avatittinnik Kamatsiarniq: Environmental stewardship
8. Qanuqtuurniq: Resourcefulness and innovation

Question 19

How did France influence early Quebec’s approach to poverty relief?

Answer 19

Family helps and if they can’t, the Church helps.

Question 20

What happened to the undeserving poor?

Answer 20

Sent to workhouses with substandard conditions

Question 21

What were conditions like in Quebec during industrialization

Answer 21

Minimal monitoring of work conditions
Long hours
Low pay

Question 22

How did the Church aid in the development of charities?

Answer 22

Churches helped facilitate charities by supervising their activities

Question 23

What were benevolent societies?

Answer 23

Organizations supported by private donors, private and public fundraising
Run by middle class or wealthy women
Operated in urban settings

Question 24

How did hospitals and hospices help the poor?

Answer 24

Institutionalization

Question 25

Which group was provided with government funded care?

Answer 25

People with mental illness

Question 26

What were mutual benefit societies?

Answer 26

Organizations comprised of workers that provided for workers if they got sick or died.

Question 27

Who was mostly involved in charity work in Quebec?

Answer 27

Middle class and upper class Anglophone women

Question 28

How did Francophone women get involved?

Answer 28

Become a nun and gain employment in daycare, hospitals or hospices

Question 29

What is the Civil Code of Lower Canada?

Answer 29

Codified persons, property, succession and marriage

Question 30

How did the Civil Code affect women?

Answer 30

Married women = minor. Role restricted to wife and mom.

Question 31

Why is the Public Charities Act of 1921 important?

Answer 31

1st social assistance legislation. Government has to help those in need.

Question 32

What is the Quiet Revolution?

Answer 32

Rejection of conservative values, embraced ecumenism and liberation theology

Question 33

How did the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 influence English settlements?

Answer 33

Poverty addressed by family and community. Poverty = character flaw.

Question 34

What is less eligibility?

Answer 34

Requirement that an individual receiving services has less favourable standard of living than worker who worked the lowest paying job in the market.

Question 35

What are charity organization societies?

Answer 35

Organizations involved in standardizing the care of poor people: collect data, make inferences, diagnosis and treatment plan

Question 36

What did COS supporters believe?

Answer 36

Scientific application would shed light on poverty’s causes and boost poor people’s independence.

Question 37

What is social Darwinism?

Answer 37

Relief without criteria: increased dependence: societal breakdown

Question 38

Why does social work use a medical model?

Answer 38

Validation as a profession, connect to authority held by the sciences

Question 39

What are settlement houses?

Answer 39

Volunteers, usually uni students, moved into these houses in poor neighborhoods to help people

Question 40

What was the Social Gospel movement?

Answer 40

Theological and social movement for change

Question 41

What is the role of the church in Black communities?

Answer 41

Provide services and sense of belonging.

Question 42

What is family ethic?

Answer 42

Women’s role = wife and mom

Question 43

What is a contemporary example of family ethic?

Answer 43

Women working FT and still being expected to care for house and kids.

Question 44

Why is the Great Depression important?

Answer 44

Mass unemployment—> Support for federal aid and central planning, fuelled growth of social services.

Question 45

What is the welfare state?

Answer 45

Government is responsible for meeting basic needs of citizens

Question 46

What is neoliberalism?

Answer 46

Control of economic policies goes from public to private

Question 47

When did Indigenous social work education start?

Answer 47

1974

Question 48

Why is Herbert Ames important to Quebec social welfare history ?

Answer 48

Poverty was a product of sporadic and irregular employment

Question 49

Why is Marie Lacoste Gérin Lajole important to Quebec social welfare history?

Answer 49

Established social services at the parish level and advanced women’s rights

Question 50

Why is the L’Abbe Charles Eduard Borugeois important?

Answer 50

1st Francophone social services agency and studied juvenile deliquency

Question 51

Why is JS Woodsworth important?

Answer 51

Conducted a 1911 study to discover how to be neighborly. Saw city life as a spider web. His reform suggestions included labour conditions and wages, housing, sanitation, family wellbeing and child welfare.

Question 52

What Quebec acts are important to know?

Answer 52

1. public charities act, 2. Assistance for Needy mothers, 3. Labour relations act, 4. Act respecting Income Security, 5. Quebec Civil Code revision

Question 53

What Acts are important in Canada?

Answer 53

1. Old Age Security Act, 2. Unemployment Insurance Act, 3. White Paper, 4. Canadian Assistance Plan, 5. Immigration Act, 6. Canada Health Act, 7. Civil Marriage Act, 8. Veteran Bill of Rights