How long has crime existed?
- Crime exists for forever - evolves as nation grows
what was the trend in crime in 1900-1935?
increase
What is the goal of the contemporary criminal justice system?
To perform social control–> bility to control individual behavior to serve the best interest for the society
What are the 3 main components of criminal justice system
- Police- investigates crimes, arrests
- Court system- charges, indicts, tries
- Correctional system- treatment & rehab
What is the scope of the system?
- Massive bc it must process, treat, and care for millions of people
and very expensive
How can the justice process be influence? By what 2 factors
- Legal factors- seriousness of charges, suspects prior record & available evidence
- Extralegal factors- suspect’s race, gender, class & age
What are the 14 steps of the formal criminal justice process?
Initial Contact
* Investigation
* Arrest
* Custody
* Charging
* Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury
* Arraignment
* Bail/Detention
* Plea Bargaining
* Trial/Adjudication
* Sentencing/Disposition
* Appeal/Postconviction Remedies
* Correctional Treatment
* Release
* Postrelease
What occurs in the initial contact?
police:
In-presence requirement- police witnesses the crime for arrests for misdemeanors
. Someone tells the police
what occurs during investigation
May prove initial contact was good or not
What occurs during arrest?
c. Arrest- deprives individual freedom- under custody of police
What is enough evidence for a stop?
reasonable, atriculable, suspicion
What is probable cause?
a. Sufficient evidence for police officer to make an arrest
What occurs during custody?
a. you are secured somewhere– detained
b. Ask for attorney
c.Miranda rights- before arrest
4th degree sentence
max prison term of 18 months
3rd degree sentence and what for?
possession of heroin, assaults,
. Max 3-5 years in NJ state prison
2nd degree sentence
ii. 10-20 years
On what charges does presumption of incarceration occur?
1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees
What occurs during arraignment?
Formally hear charges ( ask to read in open court or not)
- Plead or not plead guilty
- Court date and arranging date
- . Asking for attorney
when does trial or adjucation occur?
no plead
how many days do you have to appeal?
45 days
Decriminalization define
reducing a penalty for something
Deinsitutionalization define
removing people who have low level offenses from jail; reducing penalty
define the criminal justice assembly
everyone plays their own part in the court in a line
why is ethics important
police has authority to deprive people of their liberty and uses physical or deadly force
