Criminal Justice > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 categories of crime

A

violent crimes, property crimes, public order crimes, and economic crimes

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2
Q

Define expressive vs. instrumental violecnce

A

Crimes driven by emotion vs. those committed for gain

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3
Q

Why are gang’s vioent?

A

modern gangs seem more motivated by the quest for drug profits and street power

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4
Q

Mass Murders

A

Killing multiple victims in single event

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5
Q

Spree Killers

A

Multiple murders over short time period

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6
Q

Serial Killers

A

Multiple murders over extended time period

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7
Q

Define intimate violence

A

Domestic violence and family-related crimes

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8
Q

Victims fo intimate violence faces greater danger from?

A

close contact with

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9
Q

what type fo intimate violence is most common

A

child abuse

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10
Q

What are hate crimes motivated by?

A

bias against particular groups

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11
Q

Define arson?

A

setting fire intentionally

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12
Q

define criminal mischief

A

destroy anyone’s property

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13
Q

○ Burglary vs. robbery

A

§ Burglary: stealing w.o violence
Robbery: stealing w/ violence

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14
Q

What are public order crines

A

Victimless crimes that counter to moral standards

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15
Q

What type of crime is this: attacking homeless people to get rid of them in their town

A

hate crime

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16
Q

What type of crime is prostitution and substance abuse

A

public order crime

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17
Q

white collar crimes

A

Crimes committed by individuals in professional positions. eg. tax fraud and medical fraud

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18
Q

corporate crime

A

: Crimes committed by businesses/corporations

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19
Q

organized crime

A

criminal activity of people and organizations whose acknowledged purpose is economic gain through illegal enterprise

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20
Q

Are economic crimes or violent crimes more prevalent?

A

economic crimes

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21
Q

Describe Uniform Crime Report

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A

Compiled by the FBI, this national survey compiles criminal acts reported to local police includes part 1 and part 2 crimes

22
Q

part 1 crimes

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A

(most serious):
* Murder
* Rape
* Burglary
* Robbery
* Assault
* Larceny-theft
* Motor vehicle theft

23
Q

part 2 crimes

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A

All other crimes reported to FBI (less serious crimes and misdemeanors, excluding traffic violations)

24
Q

concerns about UCR

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A
  1. Reporting practices–> may not report crimes to not show area has bad
    1. Law enforcement practices- may misreport crimes
    2. Methodological problems- systematic errors
25
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
* Surveys victims about their experiences with law violation Captures crimes not reported to police
26
Self report surveys
Asks offenders themselves to report about their criminal behaviors- moniyroinhg the future
27
Define National Incident-Based Reporting System
* Requires local police agencies to provide detailed account of each incident and arrest * Includes incident, victim, and offender information * Features expanded crime categories: blackmail, embezzlement, drug offenses, bribery * distinguishes between attempted & completed crimes
28
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) weaknesses
* Relies on victims' memory and honesty * Omits substance abuse
29
Self-Report Surveys weaknesses
* Omit offenders who refuse/unable to participate (may be most deviant)
30
What is the key factor of chronic offending
starts early
31
Three-Strikes Laws:
3 mistakes (e.g. murder, robbery, steal a bike)- going away for life
32
Three strikes law issue
Leads to overcrowding in prisons & inmates sued before US supreme court and was let out earlier for overcrowding --> California & 3rd strike could be minor and still can go to jail
33
○ Truth-in- sentencing laws:
- Serve 85% of sentence & then qualify for parole (?) □ Keeps you incarcerated you longer □ Special penalty
34
what are the 3 views of crime?
consensus view, conflict view, and interactionist view
35
What is the consesu view?
majority of citizens believ that certain behaviors should be outlawed and criminal law is supposed to protect citizens
36
What behaviors are crimes under the consensus view?
1. harmful to majority of citizens 2. controlled or prohibited by existing criminal law
37
What is the conflict view?
criminal law is created and enforced by those who hold political and economic power and is a tool used by the ruling class to control dissatisfied have-not members of society.
38
What is the interactionist view of crime?
criminal law reflects preferences and opinions of people who have social power to impose their own values
39
What is the difference between conflict view and interactionist view of crime?
Conflict view- focuses on how upper class controls working class Interactionist view: law should reflect moral standards of those who hold social power
40
why is prostitution a public order crime?
considered a threat to society because they disrupt the “public order” and the ability of people to work and function efficiently.
41
why is substance abuse a public order?
there is unquestionably a link between substance abuse and criminal activities. Alcohol abuse, for example, is suspected of being involved in half of all U.S. murders, suicides, and accidental deaths.
42
define situational inducement
Most of these property crimes occur when an immediate opportunity to commit crime arises
43
who are economic crimes done by?
amateur or occasional criminals whose primary income derives from conventional means and whose self-identity is noncriminal.
44
what are teh 3 methods the UCR uses to express crime data?
1. The number of crimes reported to the police and arrests made is expressed as raw figures. 2. Crime rates per 100,000 people are computed using the formula of number of reported crimes divided by the population under study, then multiplied by the constant of 100,000, which is then expressed as rate per 100,000. 3.Methodological problems arise when police departments make systematic errors in UCR reporting such as altering how crimes are reported to improve their image to the public.
45
How does boosting police efficiency and professionalism increase crime rates?
as people develop confidence in the police, they may be more motivated to report crime.
46
what degree of seriousness is a crime during a criminal event account in the UCR?
the most serious crime
47
What percent does chronic offenders make up of the population and what percentage do they commit?
20% of people commit crimes and they commit 80% of it
48
What is the trend in prison population?
decreasing
49
what is Megan's Law
if you're a sex offender then you have to register as one
50
What is the max prison sentence for disorderly persons
6 months
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