Chapter 1-4

Question 1

What motivated the Spanish conquistadors?

Answer 1

gold and desire for wealth

Question 2

What was Columbus searching for in 1492?

Answer 2

a westward sea route to Asia (India/China)

Question 3

Where did Columbus initially land in 1492?

Answer 3

Bahamas

Question 4

Who was America named after?

Answer 4

Amerigo Vespucci

Question 5

What were the seven primary reasons for the founding of the
colonies by the English?

Answer 5

1. Land
2. Political Freedom
3. Personal Riches
4. Adventure
5. English Dominance
6. National Wealth
7. Religious Freedom

Question 6

T or F: All early American civilizations were nomadic

Answer 6

F

Question 7

What was the impact of European diseases on Native populations?

Answer 7

massive declines in Native populations

Question 8

T or F: Indigenous tribes in early America had no systems of trade
amongst themselves

Answer 8

F

Question 9

Who is known as the “Father of New France”?

Answer 9

Samuel de Champlain

Question 10

What was the first permanent English colony?

Answer 10

Jamestown, Virginia (1607)

Question 11

What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 11

to create self-government and agree to follow majority rule

Question 12

What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of 1638?

Answer 12

first written constitution in America (Connecticut); promoted democratic
governance

Question 13

What is mercantilism primarily focused on?

Answer 13

maximizing exports, minimizing imports; colonies exist to benefit the mother country (Britain)

Question 14

What was the Middle Passage primarily associated with?

Answer 14

the transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas

Question 15

What was the role of indentured servants in the colonies?

Answer 15

people who worked for 4–7 years in exchange for passage to America

Question 16

What was the primary occupation in the early colonial period?

Answer 16

farming (especially subsistence farming in New England)

Question 17

T or F: Plantations in the southern colonies relied heavily on
enslaved labor to cultivate cash crops

Answer 17

T

Question 18

T or F: All 13 colonies were established for the same economic
reason and purpose

Answer 18

F

Question 19

T or F: Most colonies had their own local governments and laws
that varied from each other

Answer 19

T

Question 20

What was the primary tax collected in colonial towns?

Answer 20

property tax

Question 21

T or F: Royal colonies had their governors appointed directly by
the British crown, limiting local self-governance

Answer 21

T

Question 22

What was a characteristic feature of the Conestoga wagon?

Answer 22

large, covered wagons used for transporting goods across long distances

Question 23

What is the Cumberland Gap, and what was its significance for
pioneers?

Answer 23

a natural pass in the Appalachians; gateway for westward expansion

Question 24

What was the Great Migration?

Answer 24

large wave of immigrants from Europe to America during America’s early years

Question 25

What impact did the Great Migration have on cities?

Answer 25

increased population and cultural diversity

Question 26

T or F: Religion played a significant role in the curriculum of early American colonial education

Answer 26

T

Question 27

Who were typically part of the middle class?

Answer 27

artisans, small landowners, shopkeepers

Question 28

Which group was often excluded from voting rights in colonies?

Answer 28

women

Question 29

What was a common requirement for voting in the colonies?

Answer 29

ownership of property or land

Question 30

What were the differences between Separatists and Puritans?

Answer 30

Separatists: wanted to leave the Church of England completely Puritans: Wanted to reform it from within The Separatists were a group that chose to separate themselves from the Anglican Church and hold their own worship services. The Puritans were members of the Anglican Church who hoped to purify it of Roman Catholic practices and ceremonies

Question 31

What was John Eliot known for?

Answer 31

missionary work among Native Americans; translated Bible into Algonquian

Question 32

What was the main cause of the Pequot War?

Answer 32

conflict over land and trade between colonists and the Pequot tribe

Question 33

What was the outcome of King Philip’s War?

Answer 33

significant loss of life and land for Native Americans

Question 34

What was the primary cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?

Question 35

Which regions were primarily involved in the triangular trade?

Answer 35

Africa, the Americas

Question 36

What were some benefits and problems of triangular trade?

Answer 36

benefits: goods and supplies that could cross the world, and profit and luxuries increased problems: increase in slavery as profits increased, and wealth became a priority over spiritual values

Question 37

How did colonists’ and Indians’ view of land ownership differ? Why would this result in conflict between them?

Answer 37

colonists: land is owned individually and can be bought/sold Indigenous peoples: land is shared and used communally Indians shared land among their tribes. Europeans believed in permanent land ownership. Colonists claimed they had a right to land that was not being used by the Indians. This resulted in conflict, as Indians fought back against encroachment