MICRO LECTURE > Chapter 1 -- Arielle > Flashcards

Chapter 1 -- Arielle Flashcards

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1
Q

Microbiology

A

study of tiny life forms that are only visible individually with the use of magnification

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2
Q

Pathogen

A

any microorganism capable of disease causing

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3
Q

Pathogenic

A

capable of causing disease

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4
Q

Potential Pathogen

A

pathogen capable of causing disease if it enter a part of the body not prepared for it.. i.e.. ecoli in gut ok, but ecoli in bladder causes a UTI

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5
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

only will cause a problem if given the situation to… ie… staph on skin is ok but can cause infection if enters through a cut

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6
Q

Colony

A

macroscopic growth that arised from 1 bacteria

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7
Q

Causitive agent

A

the organism that causes the disease

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8
Q

Viruses

A

are “particles”, believed to be non-living; non-cellular – obligate intracellular parasites – examples are flu, chicken pox, rabies – no nucleus

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

no nucleus, DNA, ribosomes

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus, ribosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria – plants have cell walls, animals don’t

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11
Q

Cellular Microbes

A

Bacteria, Helminths, Algae, Fungi, Protozoa – all which have a nucleus

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12
Q

Bacteria

A

no nucleus, cellular – gets nutrients by absorption

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13
Q

Sporangia

A

spores on mushrooms

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14
Q

Flat Worms

A

Kingdom animalae – tape worms & flukes – usually get by eating the eggs

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15
Q

Rabies

A

“bullet” shaped

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16
Q

Influenza

A

RNA in center with projections around making the strain, ie… H1N1

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17
Q

Microbial Genetics

A

study of DNA, RNA and proteins in microbes

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18
Q

Mycology

A

study of Fungi

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19
Q

Phycology

A

study of algae

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20
Q

Immunology

A

study of immune response

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21
Q

Epidemiology

A

study of spread of disease

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22
Q

Etiology

A

study of cause of disease

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23
Q

Chemotherapy

A

treatment of disease with chemicals

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24
Q

Infection control

A

principles of controlling disease

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25
Industrial microbiology
how to apply knowledge of microbes to manufacture of fermented foods and other products of microbes i.e... pickles, wine, vinegar
26
Pharmaceutical microbiology
how to manufacture ATB, vaccines and other health products
27
Environmental microbiology
how to maintain safe drinking water, dispose of wastes, and control environmental pollution
28
Genetic engineering
how to use microbes to synthesize products helpful to humans, i.e.... insulin
29
Ubiquitous
"everywhere" -- 50% of microbes live beneath and within the earths crusts
30
Postive Effects of Microbes
photosynthesis (plants), decomposers(fungi), food chain, medications, food products, bioremediation
31
Bioremediation
cleaning up the environmental pollution by using microbes
32
Negative Effects of Microbes
cause infection, cause disease and opportunistic (Tb) and potential pathogens
33
Infectious disease
something you can get from a causative agent
34
Robert Hooke
coining the name "cell"
35
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
father of microbiology -- invented 1st microscope
36
Spontaneous Generation
is an early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in non living or decomposing matter
37
Abiogenesis
arising from non life
38
Redi's Experiment
did fly experiment to disprove spontaneous generation
39
Edward Jenner
small pox vaccine
40
Ignaz Simmelweis
reducing incidents of childbirth fever by 50% -- instituted washing hands in chlorinated lime
41
Joseph Lister
aseptic technique IN SURGERY - used carbolic acid as disinfectant and heat
42
The Germ Theory of Disease
many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body -- 2 major contributors: Pasteur and Koch
43
Louis Pasteur
states microbes are everywherem aseptic technique in LAB, microbes wont go around curves, developed pasteurization, disproved spontaneous generation
44
Theory of Biogenesis
Louis Pasteur eventually disproved spontaneous generation and this theory -- the idea that living things can only arise from other living things
45
Robert Koch
identified cause of anthrax, Tb and cholera -- developed pure culture methods, established Koch's postulates which is a sequencing of experimental steps that verified the germ theory
46
Hesse
developed agar
47
Han Christian Gram
gram stain procedure -- which classifies bacteria based on cell wall composition
48
Elie Metchnikoff
phagocytosis
49
Paul Ehrlich
father of chemotherapy -- developed an arsenic derived medication (salvirisan) used to treat syphillis
50
Alexander Fleming
discovered antimicrobial ability of a substance produced by the mold penicillium
51
Chain & Florey
worked for a drug company and developed PCN
52
Lancefield
streptococcal classification, based on antigen on cell --- Type A - strep, Type B - kills newborns during birth, in a womans vagina
53
Prusiner
prions, which can cause mad cow disease -- pieces of protein without nucleic acid -- can develop holes into the brain and these people can die of dementia -- incubation period 10-20 years
54
Taxonomy
the science dealing with organizing, classifying and naming organisms
55
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne)
father of nomenclature
56
Classification
the assignment of organisms to groups within a system of categories distinguished by shared common characteristics such as structure, origin, etc
57
Level of Classification
Domain (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya), Kingdom, Phylum (or Division), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
58
Scientific Name
AKA Scientific nomenclature, binomial nomenclature -- purpose: uniform system of identification, cure for "common name syndrome" Linnaeus: father of taxonomy
59
Aristotle Classification
2 Kingdom System: Plants and Animals; criteria: observation
60
Whittaker Classification
5 Kingdom System: planate, fungi, animalia, protista, monera -- criteria: type nutrition, cell type and observation
61
Woese Classification
3 Domain System -- criteria rRNA sequencing -- domain bacteria, domain archaea and domain eukarya
62
Strain
subspecies -- members of the same genus and species that have mutated to be significantly different than other members of the species
63
Dichotomous Key
identification aid that contains a series of paired statements that can be used to help identify an organism
MICRO LECTURE
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