Chapter 1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cell ?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Question 2

How are they different ?
( eukaryotic vs prokaryotic ) ?
(6)

Answer 2

EU 
- do  have nucleus 
-membrane bound organelles  
-larger 
-DNA is linear 
-larger ribosomes 
Pro 
-No membrane bound organelles
- nucleus 
-DNA is circular 
-small ribosomes 
-flagella

Question 3

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t ?

3

Answer 3

• cell wall
• Vacuole
• chloroplasts

Question 4

What’s is the function of this plasma membrane ?

Answer 4

• regulates movement of substances into & out of cell

Question 5

What’s the function of cell wall ?

1

Answer 5

Supports plant cell , withstands water pressure .

Question 6

What’s the function of the nucleus ?
Nucleus pores ?
Nucleolus?
(3)

Answer 6

• controls the cells activities
• nucleus pores allows substances to live between nucleus and cytoplasm
• nucleolus- makes ribosomes

Question 7

What’s the function of a lysosome ?

3

Answer 7

• digestive enzymes
• digest invading cells
• break down worn out components of cells

Question 8

What’s the function of ribosome ?

1

Answer 8

• site where proteins are made

Question 9

Function of RER ?

1

Answer 9

• folds and process proteins that have been made at ribosomes

Question 10

Function of SER?

1

Answer 10

• synthesis and processes lipids

Question 11

What’s the function of vesicles ?

1

Answer 11

• transports substances in and out of cell

Question 12

What’s the function of Golgi apparatus ?

2

Answer 12

• processes and packages new lipids and proteins

- makes lysosomes

Question 13

What’s the function of mitochondria ?

2

Answer 13

• site of aerobic respiration

- ATP produced

Question 14

Function chloroplast?

1

Answer 14

• site of photosynthesis

Question 15

Function of centriole ?

1

Answer 15

• separation of chromosomes during cell divisions

Question 16

Function of cilia ?

2

Answer 16

• microtubulies allow cilia to move

- move substances along cell surface

Question 17

Function of flagellum ?

2

Answer 17

• microtubules contract to make flagellum move

- properly cells forward

Question 18

What are the organelles ( in correct order ) involved in protein production ?
( 6)

Answer 18

1-DNA in nucleus
2-mRNA to ribosome
3-folded and process at RER
4-vesicles —

Question 19

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton ?

4

Answer 19

1-microtubules / microfilaments support the cells organelles keeping them in position
2-strengthen cell & maintain its shape
3- Movement of materials ( chromosomes )
4-cells movements ( cilia )

Question 20

What’s the cell wall made of in a plant ?

Answer 20

Cellulose

Question 21

Cell wall in fungi ?

Answer 21

Chitin

Question 22

What’s Magnification equation ?

Answer 22

M = I/A

Question 23

What image is formed by laser scanning microscope ?
- when used ?
(3)

Answer 23

• 3D
• clearer image
• used in different depths / thick specimens

Question 24

What kind of specimen is viewed by the TEM ?
Resolution ?
(2)

Answer 24

• thin specimens

- HIGHest resolution

Question 25

What does a SEM produce ?

Answer 25

- 3D image | - lower resolution

Question 26

Which microscope has the best resolution and magnification ?

Answer 26

- TEM

Question 27

How does TEM WORK ? What’s the image shown on ? | 3

Answer 27

- electromagnets focus bean of electrons through thin sample ! - denser parts = absorb more electrons - image shown on Fluorescent screen

Question 28

How does SEM WORK ? (3) Image ? Where is it shown ?

Answer 28

- electron beams scan over surface Of sample - sample can be any thickness - 3D image shown on TV monitor = image is of the surface of the sample !

Question 29

Resolution of light microscope ? Magnification? (2)

Answer 29

0.2 micrometers | X1500

Question 30

TEM RESOLUTION? | Magnification ? (2)

Answer 30

Resolution = 0.0002 micro meters Magnification = more than x 100,00,00

Question 31

Resolution and magnification of SEM ? | 2

Answer 31

Resolution = 0.002 micrometer | Magnification is less than x500,000

Question 32

``` How many : -mm in a cm -Micrometers in a mm -nanometers in a micrometer (3) ```

Answer 32

- 10mm in cm - 1000 micrometers in 1mm - 1000nm in 1 micrometer

Question 33

What is resolution ? | 2

Answer 33

- smallest distance that 2 objects can be separated and still be distinguished