Chapter 1: Devoping Design Concepts

Question 1

What is design theory?

Answer 1

A design theory is a way to direct design based on a system of beliefs or philosophy

Question 2

What 6 things are a design theory derived from?

Answer 2

🌎 Designer’s personal worldview
🗽 historic precedent
📖 environmental design research
🪑 functional needs
🌱 how humans perceive their environment
✍🏻 a particular process of design, or any other factors

Question 3

____ design research focuses on theories of the interaction between humans and their environment. It attempts to develop an approach to rational design based on scientific research rather than just anecdotal evidence or personal philosophy. 

Answer 3

Environmental

Question 4

What is evidence based design (EDB)?

Answer 4

basing design decisions on credible research that links one or more environmental elements with a desired outcome

Question 5

Much of the work of evidence based design to date has been in which design sectors?

Answer 5

Healthcare, educational facilities, and office design

Question 6

Evidence based design research may take the form of what?

Answer 6

Literature searches
observations of existing facilities
interviews
questionnaires with users and facility managers
post occupancy evaluations

Question 7

_____ places emphasis on providing simple, rational solutions to design problems without extraneous decoration

Answer 7

Functionalism

Question 8

What interior design style suggests that humans require more than dysfunctional space and that functionalism should only be one aspect of a larger theory of design?

Answer 8

Modernism (Bahaus school of design)

Question 9

What is Gestalt psychology?

Answer 9

The way humans perceive things as a whole. That people add structure to what they see rather than just reacting to it  

Question 10

What is simultaneous contrast with color?

Answer 10

The same color appears to change, depending on the background color it’s seen against

Question 11

What is the concept of grouping states?

Answer 11

Humans perceive separate units in the visual field as a group

Question 12

Humans typically group things due to what four things?

Answer 12

Proximity, similarity, direction, and context

Question 13

With ___ the objects closest together are seen as belonging together

Answer 13

Proximity

Question 14

With ___ Objects perceived to be moving simultaneously in the same direction are seen as a group

Answer 14

Direction

Question 15

What is closure or form constancy?

Answer 15

The tendency to perceive and complete forms as complete

Question 16

What happens when humans are faced with incomplete information in the visual field?

Answer 16

They tend to add information to make sense of what’s being seen

Question 17

What is continuity?

Answer 17

The tendency to see a line or shape as continuing in a particular direction rather than making a sharp turn

Question 18

What is simplicity as part of Gestalt psychology?

Answer 18

When the brain organizes things into the fewest number of lines or parts.

Question 19

What is figure ground?

Answer 19

Refers to the way people distinguish a form from its surroundings 

Question 20

What is the ground around an object typically called?

Answer 20

Negative space

Question 21

What is used in interior design and architecture often as a way to create space?

Answer 21

Figure ground

Question 22

What is perceptual constancy?

Answer 22

When someone moves closer or further away from an object but still see the same image

Question 23

What is shape constancy?

Answer 23

People tend to perceive an object is having the same size, regardless of the changes in viewing distance to the object 

Question 24

What is lightness constancy?

Answer 24

People perceive, the lightness or darkness of an object is the same regardless of illumination of the space in which the object is viewed

Question 25

What is color constancy?

Answer 25

People perceive the color of an object the same regardless of the lighting conditions under which object is viewed

Question 26

Because the eyes are separated at a slight distance, the left and right eye see slightly different views of the world. The difference in what each eye sees is called ____

Answer 26

Binocular disparity

Question 27

What is interposition?

Answer 27

A distant object may appear to be overlapped and partly hidden by a closer object

Question 28

What is linear perspective?

Answer 28

Parallel lines will appear to proceed toward a single point in the distance

Question 29

What is atmospheric perspective?

Answer 29

More distant objects appear to be hazy and change color

Question 30

What is texture perspective?

Answer 30

When a density of a texture increases as a distance from the viewer increases

Question 31

What are size clues?

Answer 31

Visual indicators that help people judge the size, scale, or distance of a space or object.

Question 32

What does it mean when an object has relative closeness to the horizon line?

Answer 32

The closer to the horizon line the farther away they are

Question 33

In what ways do people gather information about their surroundings?

Answer 33

The senses: sight, sound, smell & touch

Question 34

What is cue inconsistency?

Answer 34

Conflicting visual cues Example: wayfinding/naviagation

Question 35

What are five social and cultural beliefs that often influence interior design?

Answer 35

👩🏼‍⚖️ Political conditions 💵 economic conditions 🕍 cultural attitudes ⭐️ symbolism 🌎 regionalism

Question 36

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs teaches what?

Answer 36

Basic needs come first Safety & comfort come before aesthetics Function & well being come before self expression

Question 37

what is a behavior setting?

Answer 37

Connects the strictly behavioral aspects of human activity with the effects of the physical environment on people

Question 38

 With proximics, what types of seating do people prefer if sitting next to a stranger?

Answer 38

Single chairs rather than sofas or benches

Question 39

What is the intimate distance range?

Answer 39

0 to 18”

Question 40

What is the personal distance range?

Answer 40

18 inches to 4 feet

Question 41

What is the social distance range?

Answer 41

4 feet to 12 feet

Question 42

What is the public distance range?

Answer 42

12+ feet

Question 43

The greatest amount of formality can be achieved at what type of distance and why?

Answer 43

Public distance, allows people to escape if they sense physical danger from another person

Question 44

In places where informal group interactions take place, studies have shown the over 97% of groups are composed of how many people?

Answer 44

2 to 4