Chapter 23: Measurement & Drafting

Question 1

An accuracy of how many inches is sufficient for most interior design work?

Answer 1

1/4”

Question 2

As a general rule of thumb, take measurements at least __ the accuracy that will be required

Answer 2

1/2

For example, if 1/2 inch accuracy is needed, measured to the nearest 1/4 inch

Question 3

What is an open dimension?

Answer 3

Part of a dimension string that is not given a dimension value on drawing drawings

Might be used if a dimension is unknown and construction needs to make up the size and the space is not critical to the client

Question 4

In measuring, discrepancies of how many inches generally indicate that a significant mistake was made in the measurements; and these cases, they need to be re-measured

Answer 4

8”

Question 5

What are some typical measuring tools and techniques that can be used?

Answer 5

• tape measure
• Electronic distance measure measurement (EDM)
• Reflectorless electronic distance measurement (REDM)
• rectified photography
• orthophotography
• photogrammetry
• stereogrammerty
• convergent photogrpahy
• laser scanning

Question 6

What is rectified photography in measuring?

Answer 6

Large format, film base view cameras, the type typically used to do high-quality architectural photography

Question 7

What is orthophotography?

Answer 7

Relies on digital photography and correction of optical distortion through computer software

Question 8

What is photogrammetry  as it relates to measuring?

Answer 8

The surveying of objects or spaces by using photography and associated software

Question 9

What is stereogrammerty as it relates to measuring?

Answer 9

Uses two overlapping photographs are loaded into a computer program to produce a digital stereo image

Question 10

What is convergent photogrammetry as it relates to measuring?

Answer 10

Uses multiple oblique photographic images of an object to take at different angles. Measurements and 3-D models are derived from using software that traces the photographs.

Question 11

If a client will be occupying a new building rather than leasing an existing one, who is responsible for including additional floor area to accommodate mechanical and electrical equipment, stairways, elevators, and other building service areas?

Answer 11

The Architect

Question 12

What is the difference between net area (or net assignable area) versus gross area when determining total client occupant area?

Answer 12

Net area is the actual occupant area required by a client

Gross area is the total of all required net areas

Question 13

What is circulation space?

Answer 13

The amount of space needed for passage, i.e. corridors, and stairways from one work area to another

Question 14

What is incidental space (or non-usable space)?

Answer 14

Areas not occupied by the tenant, such as closets, structural columns, and walls

Question 15

What is the occupant area in a leased space?

Answer 15

Total portion of a building being actively used by a tenant

Question 16

How is the estimated required occupant area of a space calculated?

Answer 16

Dividing the net area by the occupant load factor

Question 17

How do efficiency factors vary by building type?

Answer 17

🏢 Open office → higher efficiency
🚪 Cellular offices → lower efficiency
🏥 Hospitals/labs → much lower efficiency
🛍 Retail → moderate efficiency

Question 18

What is rentable area?

Answer 18

The tenant’s usable area plus a proportional share of common building areas.

Question 19

What spaces are included in rentable area but not in usable (assignable) area?

Answer 19

Corridors, restrooms, lobbies, mechanical rooms, and other shared common spaces.

Question 20

How is rentable/leased area calculated?

Answer 20

Usable area x load factor

Question 21

What is the difference in architectural drawing sheet sizes vs ANSI?

Answer 21

Architectural (Arch) sheets use a 3:2 proportion and are common for architectural drawings, while ANSI sheets use a 2:1 proportion and are more common for engineering and general documents.

Question 22

In construction documentation, what is a key plan?

Answer 22

A small diagram on a drawing sheet that shows the overall project and highlights the specific area being detailed, helping orient the viewer within the larger building or site.

Question 23

How much spacing is typically left on all sides of a sheet set?

Answer 23

1/2” or 3/4” top, right and bottom
left 1 1/2” for binding

Question 24

What is a one-line (single-line) diagram?

Answer 24

A simplified drawing that represents an electrical or mechanical system using single lines and symbols to show how major components are connected, without showing detailed wiring or dimensions.

Question 25

What MEP information is typically shown on designer drawings vs engineer drawings?

Answer 25

Designer → shows where it goes Engineer → shows how it works

Question 26

What does his reference mark indicate?

Answer 26

Building section reference number four on page A9

Question 27

What do these elevation reference marks indicate?

Answer 27

Drawing number 6 on page A8

Question 28

What do these reference marks mean?

Answer 28

Indicate a zoomed in detail

Question 29

What is a BIM used for?

Answer 29

A smart model that is more than just lines representing objects. The individual objects have information attached to them and can create estimates, schedules, etc. based off of accurate info in the model. Can avoid problems with interferences in the drawings.

Question 30

What do each of these wall symbols represent on a floor plan?

Answer 30

1 - existing construction to remain 2 - existing construction to be removed 3 - full height part partition (if it has pattern that may indicate the type)

Question 31

What do these glazing symbols indicate on a floor plan?

Answer 31

1 - full height glass 2 -  partial height, glass or window

Question 32

What do each of these switch symbols indicate on a floor plan?t

Answer 32

1 – switch 2 - three-way switch 3 - dimmer switch 4 - switch with pilot light

Question 33

What do each of these outlets/electrical symbols represent on a floor plan?

Answer 33

1 - duplex outlet 2 - outlet at non-standard height number indicates inches AFF to center 3 - double duplex outlet 4 - duplex outlet split wired 5 - duplex outlet with ground fault for wet areas 6 - duplex outlet with ground fault circuit interrupter 7 - range outlet 8 - telephone

Question 34

What do each of these electrical symbols indicate?

Answer 34

1 - floor outlet 2 - floor telephone outlet 3 - exit light wall mounted 4 - exit light suspended

Question 35

What do each of these lighting and data outlet symbols indicate on a floor plan?

Answer 35

1 - incandescent light 2 - wall mounted light 3 - wall mounted data connection outlet 4 - floor mounted data connection outlet 5 - recessed down light 6 - recessed directional light 7 - track light 8 - recessed fluorescent light 9 - surface mount fluorescent light 10 - light on emergency circuit

Question 36

What do each of these mechanical symbols indicate?

Answer 36

1 - Air Supply diffuser 2 - return air grill 3 - linear slot diffuser 4 - air duct (with x height) 5 - flexible duct (diameter) 6 - thermostat 7 - fire damper in duct 8 - smoke detector 9 - sprinkler head

Question 37

What do each of these mechanical symbols indicate?

Answer 37

1 - duct size transition when full width is shown 2 - duct size transition on single line diagram 3 - supply air diffuser (shaded portion indicates direction air is blowing) 4 - round ceiling air diffuser

Question 38

What do each of these materials indicate on a floor plan?

Answer 38

1 - rough wood 2 - finish wood 3 - plywood, small scale 4 - plywood, large scale 5 - particle board 6 - plastic laminate or particleboard large scale 7 - gypsum wall board large scale 8 - brick 9 - concrete block 10 - concrete 11 - stone 12 - glass large scale 13 - batt insulation 14 - rigid insulation 15 - metals small scale 16 - steel large scale 17 - brass/bronze large scale 18 - aluminum large scale

Question 39

A code review at the end of schematic design occurs after the ____ and basic layouts, but before _____ are prepared.

Answer 39

core design concepts detailed drawings

Question 40

An __ __ __ or ___ __ is critical for catching potential building code, zoning, and accessibility issues before significant design development, preventing costly redesigns later by ensuring fundamental concepts align with jurisdictional regulations, and gaining the necessary client approvals to move forward into the detailed Design Development (DD) phase.

Answer 40

early code review zoning review

Question 41

Interior dimension strings should have what?

Answer 41

Have a dimension missing (open dimension)