Chapter 1: Introduction

Question 1

Microbiology

Answer 1

• the study of microorganisms

Question 2

What does MICRO stand for?

Answer 2

• microscope
• independent
• complex (less)
• rapid growth rate
• omnipresent

Question 3

prokaryote

Answer 3

“before nucleus”
- no nucleus

Question 4

prokaryote DNA

Answer 4

NUCLEOTIDE
- free floating
- one, circular chromosome

Question 5

Prokaryote cell organelles

Answer 5

• only ribosomes

Question 6

Ribosome function

Answer 6

protein synthesis
“workbenches”

Question 7

Prokaryote cell wall

Answer 7

COMPLEX
- made up of peptidoglycan

Question 8

Prokaryotic cell division

Answer 8

Binary Fussion

Question 9

Eukaryote

Answer 9

“true nucleus”

Question 10

Eukaryote DNA

Answer 10

several chromosomes

Question 11

Eukaryote Cell organeels

Answer 11

• contains all organelles

Question 12

Eukaryote cell wall

Answer 12

no cell wall

Question 13

Eukaryote cell division

Answer 13

Somatic: mitosis
Gamete: meosis

Question 14

Eubacteria

Answer 14

prokaryote
- disease causing

Question 15

Archaea

Answer 15

Prokaryote
- Cell wall: pseudopeptidoglycan
- live in extreme environments
- methogens: produce methane in cellular respiration
- not known to cause diseases in humans

Question 16

Fungi

Answer 16

Eukaryote
- distinct nucleus with DNA
- mulitcellular or unicellular
- no photosynthesis
- cell wall = chintin
- reproduction: sexual or asexual
EXAMPLE: mushrooms, mold

Question 17

most typical fungi

Answer 17

mold

Question 18

Protozoa

Answer 18

Eukaryote
- unicellular
- move by psendopods (amebae), flagella, or cillia
- free entities or parasites
- some photosynthesis
- reproduce: sexually or asexually
EXAMPLE: euglexa

Question 19

Alga(e)

Answer 19

Eukaryote
- photosynthetic (needs light, water, and oxegen)
- mostly unicellular
- cell wall = cellulose
- reproduce: sexually or asexually

Question 20

Parasites

Answer 20

Eukaryote
- animal parasite

Question 21

Louis Pasteur

Answer 21

1854-1914
- proved the theory of biogenesis (life comes from life)
- Pasteurization (solution to food spoliage)

Question 22

Robert Koch

Answer 22

1876
- Postulates: proved that a specific microbe causes a specific disease

Question 23

Robert Jenner

Answer 23

1798
- Created immunization (injected cowpox into milkmaid/son as a solution to smallpox) as named by Pasteur

Question 24

Virus

Answer 24

• acellular: not considered cells
• made up of nucleic acids : DNA and RNA
• can reproduce self-sufficent units
• non- living because they require a host

Question 25

Covid - 19 evolution

Answer 25

SARS "covi 1 virus" (2003) MERS virus (2012) Coronavirus - spikes (2019)