Chapter 13: Virus

Question 1

virus contain

Answer 1

• DNA or RNA
• a protein coat

Question 2

mixing vessels for viruses

Answer 2

bird, pigs, bats (parasites)

Question 3

Viron

Answer 3

fully developed virus

Question 4

viron has own

Answer 4

genome
- DNA or RNA

Question 5

capsid

Answer 5

• is a protein
• used for identification, transmission, and attatchment

Question 6

capsolmeres

Answer 6

subunit of capsid

Question 7

capsolmeres function

Answer 7

gives unique shapes

Question 8

Envolope

Answer 8

• phospholipid, protein, carbohydrate
• provides protection
• identification (2 types)

Question 9

2 types of spikes

Answer 9

-hemeglutination HA –> triangle
- neuraminidase

Question 10

hemeglutination purpose

Answer 10

• can be used for identification
• triangular spike
• kills blood cells and penetrates the cells

Question 11

example of hemeglutination

Answer 11

influenza

Question 12

neuraminidase

Answer 12

• seperates viron after infection
• seperates cell from infected cell
• bulb spike

Question 13

spikes are made up of

Answer 13

protein and carbohydrate

Question 14

vaccine targets

Answer 14

spikes

Question 15

HIV only replicates in

Answer 15

humans

Question 16

HIV destroys

Answer 16

human immune system

Question 17

HIV-1 is prevalent

Answer 17

in the US

Question 18

HIV-2 is prevalent in

Answer 18

West Africa

Question 19

HIV stands for

Answer 19

Human Immunodeficency Virus

Question 20

HIV viron has

Answer 20

• RNA geneome
• capsule
• envolope
• spikes
• enzyme
  ** retrovirus

Question 21

what spikes are prevalent in HIV

Answer 21

GP41; GP120

Question 22

what enzyme is present in HIV

Answer 22

reverse transcriptase

Question 23

reverse trascriptase effect

Answer 23

converts RNA to DNA

Question 24

HIV receptors

Answer 24

• CD4 (on helper T cells)

Question 25

HIV enters the cell through

Answer 25

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 26

CD4 receptors are found on

Answer 26

helper T cells

Question 27

what are the three stages of HIV

Answer 27

- stage 1 - stage 2 - stage 3

Question 28

Stage A

Answer 28

- lymphodenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) - TH min 500

Question 29

stage B

Answer 29

TH: 499-200

Question 30

stage C

Answer 30

TH: <200

Question 31

what are normal TH levels

Answer 31

1500-2000

Question 32

provirus

Answer 32

viral DNA in nucleus (hide and emerge)

Question 33

provirus abilities

Answer 33

- can generate new baby vrions - can become latent (hiding) - can convert into cancer cells

Question 34

cancer cells produced by HIV example

Answer 34

Karposi sacrooma

Question 35

HIV treatment

Answer 35

- most common NRTI's (neucleotide retroviral inhibitors)

Question 36

how is HIV spread

Answer 36

- blood - semen - saliva

Question 37

how many units of HIV are in blood

Answer 37

1000-10 000

Question 38

how many units of HIV are in semen

Answer 38

10 - 1000

Question 39

how many units of HIV are in saliva

Answer 39

1

Question 40

what are the two types of retroviral inhibitors

Answer 40

- Zidovudine (AZT) - Lamivudine (3TC)

Question 41

what kind of vaccine would need to be developed for HIV

Answer 41

- mRNA vaccine

Question 42

why has a vaccine not been developed for HIV

Answer 42

- mutations - diffferent strains present in the same person

Question 43

what are the cytopathic effects of HIV

Answer 43

- lytic - persistant - latent - cancer

Question 44

lytic

Answer 44

acute infections

Question 45

lytic examples

Answer 45

- cold - rhino virus - influenza

Question 46

persistant example

Answer 46

- measles (can cause brain degerneration (SSPE))

Question 47

latnet

Answer 47

hiding and emerging

Question 48

latent examples

Answer 48

cold sores (HERPES-1), shingles (HERPES-3), mononucleosis (HERPES-4)

Question 49

Cancer examples

Answer 49

Ed virus (HERPES-4) - causes burkitts lymphoma (attacks B lymphocytes_ and nasopharengels cancer

Question 50

AIDS

Answer 50

- not a disease but a syndrome - latent stage of provirus

Question 51

when treating HIV we should use

Answer 51

a cocktail of drugs to avoid immunity