CHAPTER 1 (lec)

Question 1

Any meaningful quantitative laboratory result consists of two components: the first component
represents the number related to the actual test value, and the second is a label identifying the
units.

Answer 1

units of measure

Question 2

This system was devised to provide the global scientific community with a uniform method of describing physical quantities.

Answer 2

systeme international d’unites (si)

Question 3

the seven basic units of SI system:

Answer 3

1. length
2. mass
3. time
4. electric current
5. thermodynamic temp
6. amount of substance
7. luminous intensity

Question 4

has been purified to remove almost all organic materials, using a technique of
distillation where water is boiled and vaporized.

Answer 4

distilled water

Question 5

has some or all ions removed, although organic material may still be
present, so it is neither pure nor sterile.

Answer 5

deionized water

Question 6

is a process that uses pressure to force water through a semipermeable
membrane, producing a filtered product.

Answer 6

reverse osmosis

Question 7

can remove particulate matter from municipal water supplies before any additional treatments.

Answer 7

filtration

Question 8

A substance that is dissolved in a liquid

Answer 8

solute

Question 9

The liquid in which the solute is dissolved—for example, a
biologic fluid

Answer 9

solvent

Question 10

is expressed as the amount of solute per 100 total units of solution.

Answer 10

percent solution

Question 11

is expressed as the number of moles per 1 L of solution.

Answer 11

molarity

Question 12

represents the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent.

Answer 12

molality

Question 13

It is defined as the number of gram equivalent weights per 1 L of solution.

Answer 13

normality

Question 14

is equal to the gmw of a substance divided by its valence.

Answer 14

equivalent weight

Question 15

is the number of units that can combine with or replace 1 mole of hydrogen ions for acids and
hydroxyl ions for bases and the number of electrons exchanged in oxidation–reduction
reactions.

Answer 15

valence

Question 16

is a measure of the ability of a solution to accept or donate electrons.

Answer 16

redox potential

Question 17

substances that donate electrons are called

Answer 17

reducing agents

Question 18

those that accept electrons are called

Answer 18

oxidizing agents

Question 19

is a measure of how well electricity passes through a solution

Answer 19

conductivity

Question 20

are weak acids or bases and their related salts that minimize changes in the hydrogen ion concentration.

Answer 20

buffers

Question 21

glassware used in clinical laboratory:

Answer 21

Pyrex (borosilicate)
Corex (aluminosilicate)
high silica
Vycor (acid and alkali resistant)
low actinic (amber colored)
flint (soda lime)

Question 22

types of resins used:

Answer 22

polystyrene
polyethylene
polypropylene
Tygon
Teflon
polycarbonate
polyvinyl chloride

Question 23

is calibrated to hold one exact volume of liquid (TC). The flask has a
round, lower portion with a flat bottom and a long, thin neck with an etched calibration line.

Answer 23

volumetric flask

Question 24

has a wide bottom that gradually evolves into a smaller,

Answer 24

erlenmeyer flask

Question 25

has a flat bottom, straight sides, and an opening as wide as the flat base, with a small spout in the lip.

Answer 25

griffin beaker

Question 26

are long, cylindrical tubes usually held upright by an octagonal or circular base.

Answer 26

graduated cylinders

Question 27

are a type of laboratory equipment used to transfer liquids; they may be reusable or disposable.

Answer 27

pipettes

Question 28

pipette design classification:

Answer 28

to contain to deliver

Question 29

pipette draining characteristics:

Answer 29

blowout self draining

Question 30

type of pipettes:

Answer 30

measuring/graduated transfer

Question 31

are sometimes used for transfer of small volumes (< 500 μL) in blood gas analysis or in separation techniques such as chromatography or electrophoresis

Answer 31

syringes

Question 32

is a process in which centrifugal force is used to separate serum or plasma from the blood cells as the blood samples are being processed; to separate a supernatant from a precipitate during an analytic reaction; to separate two immiscible liquids, such as a lipid-laden sample; or to expel air.

Answer 32

centrifugation

Question 33

are the minimum number of digits needed to express a particular value in scientific notation without loss of accuracy.

Answer 33

significant figures

Question 34

is the act of obtaining a blood sample from a vein using a needle attached to a collection device or a stoppered evacuated tube.

Answer 34

phlebotomy/venipuncture

Question 35

measure blood gases (partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide) and pH.

Answer 35

arterial blood

Question 36

When laboratory tests are likely linked to a crime or accident, they become forensic in nature. In these cases, documented specimen identification is required at each phase of the process

Answer 36

chain of custody