MIDTERM (SPECTRO)

Question 1

Radiant energy from short wavelength gamma rays to long wavelength radio waves. They are photons of energy traveling in a wavelike manner. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the electromagnetic energy.

Answer 1

electromagnetic energy

Question 2

it is radiant energy that travels in waves at the speed of light: described as radiant energy.

Answer 2

electromagnetic energy

Question 3

is a span of the range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. each type of wave and frequency combination creates different forms of energy.

Answer 3

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 4

wavelength is ______ when higher frequency and energy

Answer 4

shorter

Question 5

wavelength is _________ when lower frequency and energy

Answer 5

longer

Question 6

The human eye can only detect a very small portion of this spectrum called the?

Answer 6

visible light

Question 7

is a span of the range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, each type of wave and frequency combination creates different forms of energy.

Answer 7

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 8

is equivalent to the number of wave crests that reach a specific point of each sound, so the frequency can also be thought of as each peak of a wave as it rolls and moves.

Answer 8

electromagnetic frequency

Question 9

This measurement of frequency- the one wave cycle per second is called?

Answer 9

hertz (Hz)

Question 10

types of electromagnetic energies: (9)

Answer 10

• Cosmic rays
• Gamma rays
• X-rays
• Visible
• Ultra-violet (UV)
• Infrared (IR)
• Radio, TV, microwave, etc.

Question 11

are low-frequency electromagnetic waves; it is intracept in the start of electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer 11

radiowaves

Question 12

____ _______ with longer wavelengths have the lowest frequency and are consequently the lowest energy

Answer 12

EM waves

Question 13

a type of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths within the range of Imeter to 1millimeter; its corresponding frequencies range from 300megahertz to 300gigahertz respectively.

Answer 13

microwave

Question 14

These are extensively used in wireless networks such as satellite and spacecraft communications, microwave radio relay networks, medical treatment remote sensing particle accelerators, radio astronomy and spectroscope

Answer 14

microwave

Question 15

is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum where in wavelengths
range from about 700nanometers to 1millimeter

Answer 15

infrared waves

Question 16

• are much longer wavelengths than those of visible light but shorter wavelengths than those radio waves.
• A range of it can be easily detected as heat

Answer 16

infrared radiation

Question 17

2 types of infrared:

Answer 17

far (thermal) infrared and near infrared

Question 18

used to detect and locate new bodies in space (Infrared waves allow us to track and monitor the earth’s temp. patterns; thermal imaging; most remote controls of digital devices)

Answer 18

thermal infrared

Question 19

used to detect and locate new bodies in space (Infrared waves allow us to track and monitor the earth’s temp. patterns; thermal imaging; most remote controls of digital devices)

Answer 19

far (thermal) infrared

Question 20

• are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths arranging from 1Onanometers to 400nanometers
• They are much shorter than visible light and longer than x-rays

Answer 20

ultraviolet waves

Question 21

are present in sunlight; they constitute around 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation or EM radiation emanating from the sun.

Answer 21

UV waves

Question 22

have shorter wavelength and greater energy; they also placed on the higher frequency spectrum; and it could also damage or harm the skin as it might cause sunburn and even affect the human being.

Answer 22

UV waves

Question 23

located at the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum; the section of the EM spectrum that is optically visible for the human eye; every EM light is counted as light so, it is known as _______ _______.

Answer 23

visible light

Question 24

located at the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum; the section of the EM spectrum that is optically visible for the human eye; every EM light is counted as light so, it is known as _______ _______.

Answer 24

visible light

Question 25

this is actually a high energy form of EM radiation, generally they have a wavelength that is extending now from 10picometers to 10nanometers respective frequencies ranging from 30petahertz to 30extrahertz.

Answer 25

x-rays

Question 26

in the rainbow, what color has the longest wavelength?

Answer 26

red

Question 26

in the rainbow, what color has the shortest wavelength?

Answer 26

violet

Question 27

inherent energy range of x-rays

Answer 27

145 electron volts to 124 kelvin volts

Question 28

is a piercing type of EM radiation emanating from the radioactive disintegration of subatomic nuclei; it is made of the shortest wavelength or EM waves where the frequencies above 30extrahertz and it is placed at the end of the spectrum

Answer 28

gamma rays

Question 29

is the second to the last and this has second to the highest energy frequency; due to this characteristic gamma radiations- has powerful electromagnetic waves; they are also produced from nuclear reactions and nuclear decays and stellar explosions.

Answer 29

gamma rays

Question 30

high energy charge particles originating from outer space; so, the travel are nearly the speed of the light and strike from earth are from all directions

Answer 30

cosmic rays

Question 31

Most of the ______ _____ are the nuclei atoms ranging from the lightest to the heaviest elements in the periodic table; it also includes high-energy electrons, and other subatomic particles.

Answer 31

cosmic rays

Question 32

the term cosmic rays usually refer to?

Answer 32

galactic cosmic rays

Question 33

• Is the distance between peaks as light is envisioned to travel in a wavelike manner • It is expressed in terms of Nanometer (nm); Angstrom (A); and Millimicrons (mu) • 1 nm = 10 A • 1 nm = mu

Answer 33

wavelength

Question 34

kinds of wavelength: • Visible spectrum - ____ - ______ nm • Ultraviolet region (UV) - <_____nm • Infrared region (IR) - >_____ nm

Answer 34

400-700 400 700

Question 35

• Is the number of vibrations of wave motions per second • Derived from the "Plank's Formula"

Answer 35

frequency

Question 36

He discovered a theory that energy is transferred in the form of chunks called quanta - symbol of letter H or h - The variable H - holds a constant value of 6.63 x 10 negative 34 joules

Answer 36

Mr. Max Plank

Question 37

helps to calculate the energy of protons when their frequency is known, so if the wavelength is known you can calculate the energy using the wave equation to calculate the frequency and then apply the plank's equation to find the energy

Answer 37

plank's law

Question 38

how can we connect the relationship between the spectral emissivity and temperature and radiant energy?

Answer 38

plank's equation

Question 39

• Distance between peak and trough • The higher the amplitude, the more intense the light = the more-light energy.

Answer 39

amplitude

Question 40

When the sunlight shines through an orange solution, what colors are usually the result?

Answer 40

violet, blue, or green

Question 41

Uses eyes in determining the endpoint.

Answer 41

colorimetry

Question 42

Two primary considerations in every colorimetric analysis

Answer 42

quality of the color intensity of the color

Question 43

kinds of colorimetry: (2)

Answer 43

visual colorimetry photoelectric colorimetry

Question 44

kind of colorimetry: uses the eyes in determining end point.

Answer 44

visual colorimetry

Question 45

kind of colorimetry: is the primary analytical utility of spectrophotometry of filter photometry, it is the isolation of discrete portions of the spectrum for purposes of measurement.

Answer 45

photoelectric colorimetry

Question 46

Measurement of light intensity in a narrower wavelength. It uses a device (prisms and/or gratings) to disperse the source of light into a continuous spectrum

Answer 46

spectrophotometric measurement

Question 47

Measurements of light intensity of multiple wavelength. It uses filter to isolate part of the spectrum

Answer 47

photometric measurement

Question 48

different types of spectrophotometers:

Answer 48

1. Single Beam 2. Double Beam 3. Visible Light (400- 700 nm) 4. Ultraviolet Light 5. Infrared Light

Question 49

involves the measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substances in the solution.

Answer 49

spectrophotometry

Question 50

In this type, all the light passes through the sample. To measure the intensity of the incident light the sample must be removed so that all the light can pass through.

Answer 50

single beam

Question 50

This type of spectrometer is usually less expensive and less complicated.

Answer 50

single beam

Question 51

it is the simplest type of absorption spectrophotometer and this is designed to make one measurement at a time and the one specified wavelength, so the absorption maximum of the analyte must be known in advance when a _____ beam instrument is to used.

Answer 51

single beam

Question 52

In this type, all the light passes through the sample. To measure the intensity of the incident light the sample must be removed so that all the light can pass through.

Answer 52

single beam

Question 53

In this type, before reaches the sample the light source is split into two separate beams. From these one passes through the sample and second one is used for reference.

Answer 53

double beam

Question 54

- This gives the advantageous because at the same time the reference reading and sample reading can take place. - this type of spectrophotometer the absorbance of the sample can be directly as the electrical output of the sample beam.

Answer 54

double beam

Question 55

uses 2 photo detectors for sample beam and reference beam;

Answer 55

double beam in space

Question 56

uses l photo detector and alternatively passes through monochromatic light through the sample cuvette and reference cuvette using chopper or rotating sector mirror.

Answer 56

double beam in time

Question 57

this type of spectrophotometer can use incandescent, halogen, LED, or a combination of these sources and these spectrophotometers vary in accuracy.

Answer 57

visible light

Question 58

what kind of cuvettes can be used for visible light spectroscopy.

Answer 58

plastic and glass

Question 59

- This measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by a sample as a function of wavelength - Measured visible light range approximately 400 to 700 nanometers - Ex. of applications: quantification of nucleic acids, studying transition metals and visualizing organic compounds

Answer 59

visible light

Question 60

this type of spectroscopy is used for fluids and even solids

Answer 60

ultraviolet light

Question 61

cuvettes to be used for ultraviolet light spectroscopy

Answer 61

quartz

Question 62

this spectroscopy helps to study different structures of molecules and its vibrations.

Answer 62

infrared light

Question 63

parts of a spectrophotometer: (5)

Answer 63

light source entrance slit monochromator exit slit photodetector/photomultiplier

Question 64

- Provides radiant energy in the form of visible or non-visible light that may pass through the monochromator. - To give accurate absorbance measurements throughout the absorbance range its response change in light intensity and must be linear.

Answer 64

light source

Question 65

two types of light source:

Answer 65

continuum source line source

Question 66

this type of light source emits radiation the changes in intensity and it is widely used in the laboratory; ex: tungsten, deuterium and xenon lamps

Answer 66

continuum source

Question 67

this type of light source emits limited radiation and wavelength; ex: the mercury and sodium vapor and hallow cathodes lamps.

Answer 67

line source

Question 68

light source that produces energy wavelength from 340 to 700 nm (visible region) It is used for moderately diluted solution

Answer 68

tungsten iodine lamp

Question 69

light source that contains small amounts of halogen such as iodine to prevent the decomposition of the vaporized tungsten from the very hot filament.

Answer 69

quartz halide lamp

Question 70

light source that provides energy source with high output in the UV range (down to 165 nm)

Answer 70

deuterium discharge lamp

Question 71

light source used above 800 nanometers

Answer 71

infrared energy source

Question 72

2 examples of infrared energy source:

Answer 72

merst glower globar

Question 73

type of infrared that has an electrically heated rod of rare earth element oxides

Answer 73

merst glower

Question 74

type of infrared that uses silicon carbide

Answer 74

globar