APUSH 10/11 > Chapter 1 Test + Current Events > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Test + Current Events Flashcards

First chapter of APUSH/Summer Work flashcards + Current Events in the homework (58 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Define Pre-Columbian

A

The era of time before Columbus arrived to the Americas (1492)

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2
Q

How did Native Americans get to America?

A

Through Asia on the Bering Land Bridge

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3
Q

What is the Bering Land Bridge

A

Land that connects Asia and North America from Siberia to Alaska

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4
Q

Define Maize

A

Corn - nutritious, can feed many, grows in many conditions, ensures food year round, main food source for many Native People of Americas

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5
Q

Population before 1492 of Native Americans

A

North America: 2-18 million
Central America: 4.75-6 million
South America: 30-60 million
In all: 50-100 million, although no concrete data

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6
Q

Aztec Empire: Location, size, capital

A

Location: Modern day Mexico, spanning to Guatemala
Size: 80,000 square miles, 5-6 million people
Capital: Tenochtitlan

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7
Q

About Tenochtitlan:

A

Large as Paris, Constantinople, Venice, 5x larger then London - cleaner, efficient in design

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8
Q

Inca: Location, size, capital

A

Location: Andes Mountains/Northern border Ecuador to Central Chile
Size: 770,000 square miles at peak, 12 million people
Capital: Cusco

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9
Q

Pueblos

A

Location then: Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico - over 70 independent villages
Location now: New Mexico (19 federally recognized tribes), Texas, and Arizona (1 federally recognized tribe each)

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10
Q

Chinook

A

Location then: Oregon, Washington, Columbia river (Pacific Northwest) - famous traders w/ connections all the way to Great Plains

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11
Q

Cherokee

A

Location then: Southeastern US; North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama
Location now: b/c Indian Removal Pact: Oklahoma

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12
Q

Creeks

A

Location then: Southeast US; Alabama, Georgia
Location now: Oklahoma (3rd largest federally recognized tribe in US)

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13
Q

Hurons

A

Location then: Southern Ontario and Quebec - French gave people name Huron, they call themselves Wendat

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14
Q

Iroquois

A

Location then: Central & Upstate New York, settled near lakes - influence reached towards Ontario and Pennsylvania

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15
Q

Seminole

A

Location then: Florida
Location now: Florida/Oklahoma - many stood ground in Florida, never formally surrendered to US gov.

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16
Q

Algonquian

A

Location then: Virginia to Canada, including New England, Great Lakes, parts of Atlantic Coast
Algonquin, people from Ottawa River Valley in Quebec & Ontario

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17
Q

Pequot

A

Location then: Connecticut - 250 square miles of land (English kicked off)

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18
Q

Wabanaki

A

Location then: Northeast US & Canada: Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI, Quebec
Tribes: Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Abenaki

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19
Q

Columbus Voyage: Year he came, looking for what, first three ships

A

Year: 1492
Looking for: Water route to Asia; East Indies - found Americas
Ships: Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria

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20
Q

Why did Columbus die a failure

A
  1. Never made it to East Indies (later found out)
  2. Removed from power/title b/c poor management of colonies
  3. Severe mistreatment of Natives led to his arrest
    Spent the rest of his life trying to reclaim power he lost
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21
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Figured out Columbus discovered a new continent, not East Indies (America after Amerigo)

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22
Q

Vasco de Balboa

A

Conquistador: became 1st European to discover Pacific Ocean, named it South Sea

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23
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Led the 1st circumnavigation of the Earth; didn’t complete, killed in Philippines; one of boats made it - many people died; discovered Strait of Magellan (passage in Chile)

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24
Q

Ponce de Leon

Study These Flashcards
A

Founded first European settlement in Puerto Rico; first European to reach/discover Florida

25
Hernando de Soto
Helped conquer Peru/Central America; discovered Mississippi River when exploring southeast US
26
Vazquez de Coronado
Discovered Grand Canyon/other physical landmarks while exploring southwest part of North America
27
Conquistador meaning
Spanish/Portuguese explorer who led expeditions to conquer place/people for Spanish/Portuguese crowns
28
Hernan Cortez
Led Spanish conquest of Aztec Empire in 1521; founded Mexico City on Tenochtitlan ruins
29
Fransisco Pizarro
Led Spanish conquest of Inca Empire; founded Lima, capital of new Spanish Colony/now Peru
30
Columbian Exchange: what got traded
Columbian Exchange = exchange of goods from New World to Old World and vice versa Americas to Europe: Turkey, tobacco, corn, beans, vanilla, potatoes, avocado, cacao, & other crops Europe to Americas: livestock, bananas, onions, honeybees, coffee, citrus, & other crops; disease
31
Encomienda system meaning
Trade of conquistadors getting tributes/labor from Natives in exchange for protection and teachings of Christianity Backfired, conquistadors didn't fulfill their side, natives of Americas then Philippines were subject to forms of enslavement
32
Spanish/Portuguese racial caste system
Caste system based on purity of blood - person = mixed/non European = bottom of caste, Spanish, Portuguese, Europeans on top
33
Mestizo meaning
Mixed Indigenous/European ancestry, bottom of caste
34
Zambo meaning
Mixed Indigenous/Sub-Saharan ancestry, bottom of caste
35
Why only Spanish setting up colonies in New World? Not French/English?
Spanish had more resources, more established Naval power; more incentive after Columbus's journey
36
How many Native Americans died from transmitted diseases from Europe?
Up to 90%
37
Which disease killed most Native Americas/was worst?
Smallpox
38
How Native Americans more advanced than Europeans (tech)?
1. More knowledgeable in wound care/medicinal treatments 2. Knew how to treat rubber 3. Agricultural practices far superior including use of crop rotation 4. More accurate calendars
39
Spanish mission system
Made to convert Native people to Christianity, integrate those people into colonial society; primarily w/ religious outposts in Southwest and California
40
Black Legend: meaning
Anti-Spanish propaganda created by rivals portraying all Spaniards as cruel/exploitative to diminish power and Spanish influence
41
Debate between Bartolome de las Casas/Juan Sepulveda
Bartolome de las Casas: Fought for the humanity of native people; didn't believe they should be subjected Juan Sepulveda: Believed natives people were natural slaves Debate inspired calls for human rights, inspired encomienda system (which backfired)
42
Juan de Onata: Who/how famous
Conquistador who established New Mexico for Spain, led 1st European expedition to conquer upper Rio Grande
43
How were Spanish successful in converting New World Empire to Catholicism?
1. Military conquest 2. Brute force 3. Missionary systems 4. Targeting leaders 5. Targeting children through Christians schools
44
Syncretism meaning/what mean for New Spanish Empire
Syncretism: combination of different beliefs and traditions New Spanish Empire blended beliefs of natives with Catholicism to make their religion more widespread and accepted
45
Why did Spanish begin to import enslaved Africans to the Caribbean?
Most Indigenous population = killed by disease, Spanish needed labor to expand their colonies in Americas Pre-existent slave trade, and enslaved Africans = resistant to European diseases Spanish imported millions of people to work as free labor in the Caribbean
46
What happened in 1588 between the English and Spanish
English fought & won against Spanish Armada (tried to invade) - victory weakened Spain's naval power, allowed England to set up colonies without fear
47
When did the French claim Canada?
1535, Jacques Cartier claimed land for King Francis the 1st
48
Who was the founder of New France?
Samuel de Champlain, known as "Father of New France", founded Quebec City - 1st successful French settlement in North America - 1608
49
What number president is the dumpster fire in the office?
45th and 47th
50
Who is the VP?
J.D. Vance
51
Who is Maine's amazing Governor?
Governor Janet Mills
52
Who are Maine's two Senators?
Angus King (Democrat) and Susan Collins (republican)
53
Who are Maine's two Representatives?
Jared Golden (Democrat) and Chellie Pingree (Democrat)
54
How many Senators in all?
100, 2 from each state
55
How many Representatives in all?
435, varies from each state based on population
56
How many member in Congress?
541: 100 senators, 435 representatives, 5 delegates from: DC, Guam, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Northern Mariana Islands, & a Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico
57
3 branches of Government
Judicial (Supreme Court), Executive (President), Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives: Congress)
58
What kind of government does the U.S. have?
Democratic Republic
APUSH 10/11
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