Chapter 10

Question 1

How do we establish covariance?

Answer 1

Through a control group.

Question 2

What are two threats to internal validity?

Answer 2

Design confounds (second variable systematically varies) and selection effects (when participants in different groups are systematically different).

Question 3

What are two types of between-groups design and within-groups design?

Answer 3

posttest-only and pretest/posttest

repeated measures/concurrent-measure

Question 4

Wat zijn twee oplossingen om selectie-effecten tegen te gaan?

Answer 4

Matched groups en within groups designs.