Bivariate correlation
Association with exactly two variables.
What is statistical validity?
How well does the data support the conclusion?
What is effect size?
Strength of a relationship between two or more variables?
What is significance?
Likelihood of getting a specific correlation by chance assuming that there is no correlation in the population.
What are three association-related terms that can be threats to statistical significance?
Outlier, restriction of range and curvilinear association.
What are three criteria for causal inference?
Covariance of cause and effect, temporal precedence (directionality problem) and internal validity (third-variable problem)