Chapter 10- DNA

Question 1

Transformation

Answer 1

Transfer of genetic material

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

When virus infects bacteria

Question 3

Avery + his colleagues showed that the transforming agent in Griffiths experiment was _____

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Hershey’s and Chase’s experiment showed

Answer 4

DNA is the heredity molecule in viruses

Question 5

The S strain and R strain of S. pneumoniae are different in that __________

Answer 5

The S strain produces a capsule but the R strain doesn’t

Question 6

Elements in DNA

Answer 6

CHNOPS

Question 7

Elements in protein

Answer 7

CHONS

Question 8

Complementary base pair

Answer 8

Pair of nitrogen bases connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Nitrogenous base

Answer 9

Base containing nitrogen and carbon

Question 10

Primary function of DNA cells is to

Answer 10

Store info that tells cells for which proteins to make

Question 11

2 strands of DNA molecules are held together by

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Guanine binds with

Answer 12

Cytosine

Question 13

Adenine binds with

Answer 13

Thymine

Question 14

Percentage of DNA is

Answer 14

= to the % of adenine in DNA

Question 15

3 parts of a DNA Nucleotide

Answer 15

• a deoxyribose sugar
• nitrogen base
• phosphate group

All connected by sugar 😱

Question 16

Importance of complementary base pairing in a DNA structure

Answer 16

Holds DNA together and serves as a way to replicate itself

Question 17

Who determined that the structure of DNA is a double helix??

Answer 17

Watson and Crick

Question 18

KNOW HOW TO LABEL A DNA MOLECULE

Answer 18

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Question 19

What is DNA??

Answer 19

Information that determines organisms traits

Question 20

DNA produces ____

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

DNA is made of repeating subunits called

Answer 21

Nucleotides

Question 22

DNA stands for

Answer 22

A deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 23

What r chromosomes made of??

Answer 23

DNA

Protein

Question 24

What r the rings made of in a DNA molecule??

Answer 24

Nitrogen bases

Question 25

What r the rungs attached to???

Answer 25

Each other | Deoxyribose sugar

Question 26

Helicase

Answer 26

Unwinds the DNA strand

Question 27

mRNA

Answer 27

Messenger from nucleus to ribosomes

Question 28

rRNA

Answer 28

Makes up ribosomes with proteins

Question 29

tRNA

Answer 29

Moves amino acids transfer into ribosomes

Question 30

How does info from DNA get to cytoplasm??

Answer 30

mRNA

Question 31

Ligase

Answer 31

(Like glue 😜) | Sticks the 2 strands together

Question 32

Which pass does cell replication occur??

Answer 32

Interphase (S phase)

Question 33

Semi-conservative replication

Answer 33

2 copies of DNA half old half new

Question 34

Before replication takes place

Answer 34

2 strands of DNA must separate

Question 35

Virulent

Answer 35

Causes disease

Question 36

A mutation is

Answer 36

A change in the nucleotide sequence

Question 37

Why does replication occur so quickly in eukaryotes???

Answer 37

Occurs simultaneously

Question 38

Codon

Answer 38

Sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides

Question 39

Translation

Answer 39

Nucleotides forming q genetic code

Question 40

A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of

Answer 40

Amino acids

Question 41

During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary

Answer 41

mRNA

Question 42

In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

Transcriptions purpose

Answer 43

To create a single stranded RNA molecule

Question 44

What is translation

Answer 44

Process of changing the information from an order of nitrogen bases mRNA into amino acids

Question 45

Where does transcription take place??

Answer 45

Nucleus -> DNA is only found in the nucleus and can't get out of it

Question 46

Point mutation

Answer 46

Chance 1 amino acid -isn't always bad

Question 47

Frameshift mutation

Answer 47

- addition or deletion of s base | - more dangerous

Question 48

Inversion mutation

Answer 48

DNA sequence is flipped

Question 49

Translocation mutation

Answer 49

Sequence breaks off and and reinserted somewhere else

Question 50

Beetle and Tatum

Answer 50

Connections between enzymes and genes

Question 51

Hershey and Chase

Answer 51

-bacteria carries instructions to replicate oh ages in bacteria

Question 52

Watson and Crick

Answer 52

Completly sure DNA structure looks like

Question 53

Wobble hypothesis _____ codons ______ amino acids

Answer 53

64 codons | 20 amino acids

Question 54

Purpose of DNA

Answer 54

Provides - genetic instructions - long term storage of info

Question 55

Purpose of RNA

Answer 55

Associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes

Question 56

The smooth strain in griffiths experiment is _____

Answer 56

Virulent

Question 57

Rough strain of griffiths experiment _____

Answer 57

Nonvirulent

Question 58

Replication

Answer 58

Synthesis of an identical copy of a DNA strand

Question 59

Transcription

Answer 59

Synthesis of mRNA molecule

Question 60

Translation

Answer 60

Synthesis of polypeptide from amino acids

Question 61

Codon

Answer 61

Base triplet on mRNA

Question 62

Anticodon

Answer 62

Complementary triplet on tRNA

Question 63

Polypeptide

Answer 63

Protein molecule