Biology > Chapter 2- Organic Molecules > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Organic Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

How many covalent bonds does carbon form?

A

4 ⚽️💚⚽️

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2
Q

What does the covalent bond form thingy look like?? ( sorry don’t know proper name)

A

C-C-C-C

-All in a row

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3
Q

Name the four types of macromolecules…

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
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4
Q

Sugars are also know as __________

A

Saccharides

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5
Q

Name the 3 types of carbohydrates

A
  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides

👏🏼👏🏼 good job!! Keep up the hard work!!! It’ll all pay off in the end

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6
Q

What’s the main part of Carbohydrates??

A

Carbon

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7
Q

What’s the common form forCarbohydrates look like??

A

C H O

x y z

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8
Q

Isomer

A
  • Compounds with the same molecular formula

- but with different structures

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9
Q

What r two examples of Isomers (Carbohydrate related)

A
  • Glucose

- Fructose

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10
Q

How many rings do Monosaccharides have??

A

Uno o 1

😉

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11
Q

3 examples of monosaccharides are______

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose

Even honey is a monosaccharide

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12
Q

How many rings does a disaccharide have??

A

2

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13
Q

3 examples of Disaccharides are________

A
  • Sucrose (table sugar)
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
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14
Q

Polysaccharides have how many rings??

A

Many, more then 3

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15
Q

Examples of Polysaccharides

A
  • Potatoes
  • Pasta
  • Rice
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16
Q

What is Cellulose used for??

A

In plants for:

  • structure
  • Support
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17
Q

Glycogen is used in _______

A

Animals for energy storage

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18
Q

A use of carbohydrates are____

A

-Energgy

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19
Q

Carbohydrates give a(n) ________ amount of energy

A

Extended

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20
Q

Example of a simple carbohydrate________

A

Sugars 🍭🍭

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21
Q

Examples of complex carbohydrates are_____\

A
  • Bread 🍞

- Pasta 🍜

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22
Q

Lipid are made of

A
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
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23
Q

Building blocks of lipids are___________\

A
  • 1 Glycerol

- 3 fatty acids

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24
Q

Fats store energy for ___ periods of time

A

Long

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25
Carbohydrates are very ______ in water
Soluble
26
Fats are ________ in water
Insoluble
27
How many bonds does a saturated fat have??
- only single
28
Unsaturated fats have____\_
Double bonds
29
Which type of fat is healthier for us??
- Unsaturated fats
30
Proteins are made of ___________
- carbon - hydrogen - oxygen - nitrogen - sulfur
31
Building blocks of proteins are called ______
- amino acids
32
Proteins make up______\
Enzymes
33
How many natural amino acids are there??
20
34
Our bodies produce how many non-essential amino acids??
-12
35
How many essential amino acids are there??
-8
36
How muster we get our essential amino acids??
Through the foods we eat
37
Polypeptide
Linked amino acids
38
3 examples of proteins are_____
- Collagen - Karetin - Meat/beans etc
39
DNA and RNA r made up of_____
- Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen - Nitrogen - Phosphorous
40
How many types of Nitrogen bases are there??
5
41
Sugar is also known as _____
Deoxyribose
42
DNA is located in the ______
Nucleus
43
Sugar in RNA is know as
Ribose
44
The RNA is located_______
- nucleus | - cytoplasm
45
Dehydration Synthesis
Linking molecules by removing water
46
Hydrolysis
Process of breaking water in a monomer to split it apart
47
Monomer
Subunit that makes up polymers
48
Polymers are all made by
Dehydration synthesis Good job!!! Keep up the hard work!!! 🍫🍫
49
What r 2 main things found in a living cell?
- chemicals (30%) | - H2O (70%)
50
Indicators test for what??
Pretense of organic compounds
51
Iodine causes starches to
To turn blue-black
52
Benedicts solution causes monosaccharides to turn_________
- green 💚 - orange🏀 - yellow 💛
53
Biurets solution causes proteins to turn _______
-blue-violet
54
Two types of Nucleic acids are____\_
- RNA | - DNA
55
What's the simplest carbohydrate??
Monosaccharides
56
Starch is a ________
Complex sugar
57
Lipids building blocks are_________
- 1 glycerol | - 3 fatty acids
58
Proteins have _______ in them
- Nitrogen
59
Amino acids make up ______
Proteins
60
An a-Helix is_______
Proteins folded together
61
B- pleated are______
Folded over themselves to make sheets
62
Collagen makes up____
- Cartilage - Tendons - Skins - Bones
63
Keratin makes up _____
- Hair - Feathers - Horns
64
Enzymes speed up _______
Chemical reactions
65
ON YOUR OWN LEARN HOW TO RECOGNIZE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES !!
``` For - nucleotides -fats - carbss - ```
66
What organic molecule r enzymes made of??
Proteins
67
What are enzymes responsible for??
- responsible for all reactions in body
68
Enzymes act as
Catalysts
69
The initial input energy needed to break bonds is called _____
Activation energy
70
Enzymes act on
Substrates
71
The place where substrate fit is called ____
An active site
72
Denature
When a protein breaks down because it loses its original shape
73
Elements of life acronym
- C - H - N - O - P - S
Biology
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