Chapter 10 Life Span Development

Question 1

What are adolescents?

Answer 1

People who are 13 through 18 years of age.

Question 2

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 2

A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall.

Question 3

What is anxious avoidant attachment?

Answer 3

A bond formed between an infant and the parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.

Question 4

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 4

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

Question 5

What is authoritarian parenting?

Answer 5

A parenting style that demands absolute obedience.

Question 6

What is authoritative parenting?

Answer 6

A parenting style that balances parental authority with the child’s freedom by setting and enforcing rules, but also allowing the child to have some freedom.

Question 7

What is barotrauma?

Answer 7

Trauma resulting from increased pressure; for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.

Question 8

What is bonding?

Answer 8

The formation of a close, personal relationship.

Question 9

What is conventional reasoning?

Answer 9

A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.

Question 10

What is the despair phase in infants?

Answer 10

The second phase of an infant’s response to a situational crisis; characterized by monotonous wailing.

Question 11

Who are considered early adults?

Answer 11

People who are 19 to 40 years of age.

Question 12

What are fontanelles?

Answer 12

Sheets of tough connective tissue between the flat bones of the skull that soften and expand when the newborn passes through the birth canal; they are gradually replaced as the bones of the skull fuse together and form suture joints by age 2 years; also called soft spots.

Question 13

What are growth plates?

Answer 13

Structures located on either end of long bones, which are the centers of longitudinal bone growth during childhood.

Question 14

What is hypercapnia?

Answer 14

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream.

Question 15

What are infants?

Answer 15

Babies from age 1 month to 1 year.

Question 16

Who are considered late adults?

Answer 16

People who are 61 years of age or older.

Question 17

What is life expectancy?

Answer 17

The average number of years a person can be expected to live.

Question 18

What is menarche?

Answer 18

A female’s first menstrual period.

Question 19

What is menopause?

Answer 19

The cessation of menstruation, which begins in a woman’s late 40s or early 50s, and which marks the end of the reproductive years.

Question 20

Who are considered middle adults?

Answer 20

People who are 41 to 60 years of age.

Question 21

What is the Moro reflex?

Answer 21

A reflex in which an infant opens the arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things when caught off guard.

Question 22

What are nephrons?

Answer 22

The basic filtering units in the kidneys.

Question 23

What is the palmar grasp reflex?

Answer 23

An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm, and the infant grasps the object.

Question 24

What is permissive parenting?

Answer 24

A parenting style in which the parent does not impose many rules, if any, on the child; two subcategories include indifferent and indulgent.

Question 25

What is postconventional reasoning?

Answer 25

A type of reasoning in which a child makes decisions guided by the child's conscience.

Question 26

What is preconventional reasoning?

Answer 26

A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what the child wants.

Question 27

Who are considered preschoolers?

Answer 27

Children ages 3 to 5 years.

Question 28

What is the protest phase in infants?

Answer 28

An infant's initial response to a situational crisis; characterized by loud crying.

Question 29

What is the rooting reflex?

Answer 29

A reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns the head toward the touch.

Question 30

What is scaffolding?

Answer 30

An instructional technique that builds on what has already been learned.

Question 31

Who are considered school-age children?

Answer 31

Children ages 6 to 12 years.

Question 32

What is secure attachment?

Answer 32

A bond formed between an infant and the parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that parents and/or caregivers will be responsive to the infant's needs and provide care when help is needed.

Question 33

What is self-concept?

Answer 33

A person's perception of oneself.

Question 34

What is self-esteem?

Answer 34

How people feel about themselves and how they fit in with peers.

Question 35

What is a situational crisis?

Answer 35

A crisis caused by a specific set of circumstances.

Question 36

What is the sucking reflex?

Answer 36

A reflex in which an infant starts sucking when the lips are stroked.

Question 37

What is the terminal drop hypothesis?

Answer 37

The theory that a person's mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.

Question 38

What age range do toddlers fall into?

Answer 38

Children ages 1 to 3 years.

Question 39

What does 'trust and mistrust' refer to?

Answer 39

A stage of development from birth to about 18 months of age, during which infants learn to trust their parents and/or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine.

Question 40

What is 'withdrawal' in the context of infant behavior?

Answer 40

The final phase of an infant's response to a situational crisis; characterized by apathy and boredom.