Chapter 10 pt. 1

Question 1

What are the three main stages of prenatal development?

Answer 1

1. germinal
2. embryonic
3. fetal

Question 2

The Germinal Period occurs from __-__ weeks.

Answer 2

0-2

Question 3

What happens during the Germinal Period?

Answer 3

• initially formed cell begins to rapidly divide and multiply
• zygote migrates to uterus and implants on wall
• placenta is formed

Question 4

The Embryonic Period occurs from __weeks to __ months.

Answer 4

2

2

Question 5

What is formed during the Embryonic Period?

Answer 5

most of vital organs (heart, spine, brain)

Question 6

Explain the steps that happen during the Embryonic Stage.

Answer 6

1. embryo at about 2 weeks, neural tube just formed
2. just 5 days later, moved into Embryonic Stage
3. end of the Embryonic Stage

Question 7

The Fetal Period happens from __ months to birth.

Answer 7

2

Question 8

The age of viability occurs in the _____ stage.

Answer 8

fetal

Question 9

What is the age of viability?

Answer 9

basically the point in which a child can survive outside of the womb

Question 10

What occurs during the fetal period?

Answer 10

1. muscles and bones develop
2. sex organs develop in the 3rd-month
3. auditory system (peripheral) developed around 6 mo.
4. neural development continues

Question 11

When does the age of viability occurs?

Answer 11

23-26 weeks

Question 12

At __ weeks 50% survival, if born prematurely.

At 26 weeks __% survival, if born prematurely.

Answer 12

23

75%

Question 13

At 23 weeks __% survival, if born prematurely

At __ weeks 75% survival, if born prematurely

Answer 13

50%

26

Question 14

True or False: The earlier that damage occurs, the worse off the individual will be.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are the two main risk factors that affect pregnancy?

Answer 15

1. Malnutrition

2. Air pollution

Question 16

How does malnutrition affect pregnancy?

Answer 16

neurological problems; vulnerability to schizophrenia

Question 17

How does air pollution affect pregnancy?

Answer 17

cognitive impairment at age 5

Question 18

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 18

result of excessive alcohol use during pregnancy, significantly impairs brain development

Question 19

Other than fetal alcohol syndrome, what symptoms can babies have from alcohol?

Answer 19

1. Microcephaly- bones fuse too early, brain development halted
2. Intellectual disability
3. Congenital defects

Question 20

Even moderate drinking can be dangerous because is causes…

Answer 20

• IQ deficits
• Attention difficulties
• Impulsive or delinquent behaviors

Question 21

What are the results of tobacco use during pregnancy?

Answer 21

• Smaller frontal lobes and cerebellar volumes,
• Low birth weight
• Higher risk for miscarriage

Question 22

What are the results of marijuana use during pregnancy?

Answer 22

• Impairs nerve development and guidance
• Permanent cognitive deficits
• concentration disorders
• hyperactivity

Question 23

What are developmental norms and why are they important?

Answer 23

Norms that indicate the typical median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.
They are important because they allow parents to see if their child is delayed or “on time”.

Question 24

What is attachment?

Answer 24

Close, emotional bond between infants & caregivers

Question 25

List the different types of attachment described by Mary | Ainsworth.

Answer 25

1. Secure attachment 2. anxious-ambivalent attachment 3. avoidant attachment

Question 26

Which type of attachment is this: explore while M is present, upset when she leaves.Most common; associated w/curiosity, leadership, resilience

Answer 26

Secure attachment

Question 27

Which type of attachment is this: show moderate anxiety when M is present, high anxiety when she leaves, moderate when she returns

Answer 27

anxious-ambivalent attachment

Question 28

Which type of attachment is this:babies sought little contact with mothers and were not distressed when she left

Answer 28

avoidant attachment

Question 29

What was the Harlow Study and what was discovered as a result of it?

Answer 29

It was a study that removed infant monkeys from their mothers and raised them in the lab. It involved 2 types of “substitute mothers”: “Cloth” mother “Wire” mother All monkeys sought comfort from cloth mother when they were frightened, regardless of group

Question 30

List Erikon's Stages of Development.

Answer 30

``` Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt Stage 3: Initiate vs. Guilt Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority Stage 5: Identity or confusion Stage 6: intimacy vs isolation Stage 7: Generativity vs Self-absorption Stage 8: Integrity vs Despair ```

Question 31

List Piaget's Stages of Development.

Answer 31

1. Sensorimotor 2. Preoperational 3. Concrete operational 4. Formal operational

Question 32

Which of Piaget's Stages does, object permanence, occur?

Answer 32

Sensorimotor

Question 33

Which of Piaget's Stages does, centration, Irreversibility, and Egocentrism, occur?

Answer 33

Preoperational

Question 34

Which of Piaget's Stages does, Decentration, occur?

Answer 34

Concrete operational

Question 35

What changes occur during aging?

Answer 35

1. Changes in appearance 2. Neuron & sensory loss 3. Hormonal changes 4. Small decline in IQ after 60