Chapter 4 pt.2

Question 1

What is bottom-up processing?

Answer 1

One of the methods in perceiving forms, patterns, and objects.

• entirely based on input
• details make up the whole

Question 2

What is top-down processing?

Answer 2

One of the methods in perceiving forms, patterns, and objects.

• holistic/global processing
• based on experience
• read the word before the letters

Question 3

How could you sum up Gerstalt’s priciples of perception?

Answer 3

the whole is greater than its parts

Question 4

List Gerstalt’s principles of form perception.

Answer 4

• figure-ground
• proximity, closure
• similarity
• simplicity
• continuity

Question 5

What’s the difference between binocular and monocular cues?

Answer 5

Binocular cues are clues from both eyes together;retinal disparity.
Monocular cues are clues only needing a single eye; pictorial depth cues.

Question 6

How do binocular and monocular cues allow for depth perception?

Answer 6

Binocular cues help us judge distance, and monuclar cues help us judge distnce based off of cues like texture.

Question 7

Hearing is measured in ______ waves

Answer 7

sound

Question 8

How is sound measured?

Answer 8

in amplitude and frequency

Question 9

The height of a sound wave

Answer 9

amplitude

Question 10

the number of peaks in sound waves

Answer 10

frequency

Question 11

When talking about “loudness” what is the technical term?

Answer 11

amplitude

Question 12

When talking about “pitch” what is the technical term?

Answer 12

frequency

Question 13

the different harmonics in sound

Answer 13

timbre

Question 14

What are the main theories of hearing?

Answer 14

1. place theory
2. frequency theory
3. traveling wave theory

Question 15

Explain the place theory of hearing.

Answer 15

pitch perception corresponds to the vibration of different places along the basilar membrane

Question 16

Explain the frequency theory of hearing.

Answer 16

perception of pitch corresponds to the frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrate

Question 17

Explain the traveling wave theory.

Answer 17

whole basilar membrane moves, but the waves peak at particular places

Question 18

The taste receptors are clusters of cells found in the ______ _____

Answer 18

taste buds

Question 19

_____ __________ are clusters of cells found in the taste buds

Answer 19

taste receptors

Question 20

How is gustatory (ie taste) information absorbed?

Answer 20

1. something touches the taste receptors located in taste buds
2. cells absorb chemicals and trigger neural impulses
3. send the information throughout the thalamus and on to the cortex

Question 21

The sensory system is NOT routed through the _________ before it projects into the cortex

Answer 21

thalamus

Question 22

How is olfactory information absorbed?

Answer 22

1. neurons on top of your nose lets you absorb chemicals
2. hits the olfactory bulb
3. hits the olfactory axon
4. hits the olfactory cilia (receptor cells )

Question 23

What are the primary tastes?

Answer 23

• sweet
• sour
• bitter
• salty
• umami (brothy flavor)

Question 24

The external ear depends on the _________ __ ____ ________

Answer 24

vibration of air molecules

Question 25

The middle ear depends on the _________ __ _________ ______

Answer 25

vibration of movable bones.

Question 26

The inner ear depends on ______ __ _ ____, which are finally converted into a stream of neural signals sent to the brain.

Answer 26

waves in a fluid

Question 27

a sound-collecting cone

Answer 27

pinna

Question 28

a taunt membrane that vibrates in response

Answer 28

eardrum

Question 29

a fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that contains the receptors for hearing

Answer 29

cochlea

Question 30

runs the length of the spiraled cochlea, holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells

Answer 30

basilar membrane

Question 31

What is the Mcgurk effect?

Answer 31

the perceptual illusion that occurs when the visual perception of a sound (seeing lips move) is paired with the auditory information of a different sound which produces a perception of a different third sound.