Authoritarian Personality
a type of person who is highly obedient to authority figures and prejudice toward those who are perceived as different or inferior
Discrimination
unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group or its members
Group-Serving Bias
the tendency for people to attribute their own group’s successes to internal factors (e.g., skill or effort) while blaming the group’s failures on external circumstances (e.g., bad luck or unfair competition)
In-Group Bias
tendency to favour your own group
In-Groups
“us,” group who shares sense of belonging and a feeling of common identity
Just-World Phenomenon
tendency to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve
Out-Group Homogeneity Effect
the cognitive bias where people perceive members of an outgroup (a group they don’t belong to) as more similar to one another than members of their own ingroup (we are more diverse)
Out-Groups
“them,” groups that people perceive as different from their in group
Own-Race Bias
tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race
Prejudice
negative prejudgment of a group and its members
Social Identity
answers “who am I”
Realistic Group Conflict Theory
a social psychological model that posits that prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between groups arise from competition for limited, scarce resources (like boys in camp)
Stereotype Threat
the fear that one’s performance will confirm a negative stereotype about their social group, such as race, gender, or ethnicity
Stereotypes
making cognitive assumptions based on group membership
Social Dominance Orientation
the motivation to have your own group be dominant over other social groups
Subgrouping
forming a new stereotype when someone doesn’t fit the original stereotype (of the same group)
Subtyping
thinking individuals special and different when they don’t fit into your stereotype
Ecological Systems Theory
human development is influenced by five interconnected environmental systems
Ecological Systems Theory: Individual
You
Ecological Systems Theory: Microsystem
immediate environment (ex. peers, school, family)
Ecological Systems Theory: Mesosystem
the interactions between things in the microsystem
Ecological Systems Theory: Exosystem
indirect but powerful influence (ex. local policies, health resources, media, religion)
Ecological Systems Theory: Macrosystem
wider idealogical cultural context (ex. culture, ideologies, laws, economic structure)
Allport’s Optimal Conditions of Contact
equal status between groups, common goals for both groups to pursue, intergroup cooperation, and support from authorities
