Chapter 11: Intervention Overview

Question 1

What is short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy? (STPPs)

Answer 1

treatment approach that emphasizes bringing to awareness unconscious processes, especially as they are expressed in interpersonal relationships and helping client understand and alter these processes

Question 2

What are the four techniques used in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy to alter maladaptive patterns?

Answer 2

1. reflection (paraphrasing client’s statements or commenting on emotional states in order to enhance their awareness of current experiences
2. classification (asking clients to attend more closely to some aspects of their experience in order to see connections or patterns
3. interpretation (commenting on a problem or experience and relating it to the use of defence mechanisms or underlying core conflictual themes
4. confrontation (challenging clients to recognize that defence mechanisms are interfering with their optimal functioning or that core conflictual themes are responsible for aspects of their experience)

Question 3

what is transference? and counter transference?

Answer 3

in STPPs it is the unconscious application of expectations and emotional experiences based on important early relationships, to subsequent interpersonal relationships (such as the one with the client towards the therapist)

counter transference is the therapist’s emotional response to the client… it is a good representation of how others react and think of the client in the real world

Question 4

What are two types of brief psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 4

Supportive-expressive therapy by Lester Luborsky and Hans Strupp’s time-limited dynamic therapy

Question 5

What is Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for depression?

Answer 5

focuses on changing interpersonal problems that are related to the onset, maintenance and relapse of depressive symptoms

focuses on exploring client’s interactions with others and looks at ROLE DISPUTES which are partially defined by others

it is a brief therapy

its first phase involves assessment of symptoms of depression and patient’s relationships and it is followed by a diagnosis

Question 6

what is the main difference between IPT and STPP?

Answer 6

They both address the aspects of interpersonal functioning but an important difference is that IPT is designed to alter relational functioning but STPP uses information about relationships to alter intrapsychic variables (focused on self-exploration rather than relationships with others)

Question 7

What are the three main therapies in Process-experiential therapy?

Answer 7

client centered therapy (Rogers)

Gestalt Therapy

Existential Therapy

Question 8

What is cognitive-behavioural therapy?

Answer 8

it is a treatment approach that emphasizes the role of thoughts and behaviour in psychological problems and therefore, focuses on altering beliefs, expectations and behaviours in order to improve the client’s functioning

Question 9

What are 5 elements that Robert Elliot and Leslie Greenberg proposed that PE (process-experiential) treatment should include?

Answer 9

1. increasing client’s awareness of emotion
2. encouraging the client to express emotion
3. enhancing the client’s emotion regulation abilities
4. aiding the client to reflect on emotions
5. helping the client transform maladaptive emotions into adaptive emotions

Question 10

What was Albert Bandura’s contribution to cognitive-behavioural therapy?

Answer 10

finding that learning can take place through observation and imitation and laid the foundation for approaches that emphasize the importance of cognitions in mediating behavioural processes

Question 11

what is self-efficacy?

Answer 11

refers to a person’s sense of competence to learn and perform new tasks

and is found to be the best predictor of behaviour such as approaching a phobic stimulus or attempting a new behaviour

Question 12

What are 4 key elements of problem solving in CBT?

Answer 12

1. defining and formulating the problem
2. generating alternatives to deal with this problem
3. deciding on the best solution to implement
4. implementing and evaluating the solution

Question 13

What are two reasons why overall impact of routine psychotherapy is weak?

Answer 13

1. most patients attend too few sessions (averaging about 2 or 3)
2. Some therapist do not consider providing evidence-based therapy

Question 14

What are two group approaches based on theoretical models?

Answer 14

1. process group approaches: Designed to capitalize on dynamics of the group
2. Structured group approaches: extensions of treatments that are also offered in individual format

Question 15

What are three mechanisms of change offered by Group Therapy?

Answer 15

1. universality: referring tot he experience of recognizing that one is not alone in facing a particular experience and that others share the same challenges and reactions
2. support: both emotional and instrumental may be provided in group format not only by the therapist but by others in the group as well
3. modelling: client may learn new ways of coping by observing the efforts of another person

Question 16

what are self administered treatments?

Answer 16

treatments that the client engages in with no or minimal contact with mental health professionals
shows improvement in depression, anxiety and substance abuse

Question 17

What is beating the blues program?

Answer 17

computer game that has assigned homework and 8, fifty minute computer sessions .. shows improvements in depression, anxiety, work and social adjustment

Question 18

What is Telehealth?

Answer 18

Telehealth is the delivery of health care services via phone, videoconferencing, or computer mediated communications

showed positive results in terms of anxiety and depression and works well with CBT

Question 19

What is stepped care?

Answer 19

health care service delivery in which lower-cost interventions are offered first, with more intensive and more costly interventions being provided only to those whom the first line intervention was insufficient

works in cases of bulimia and family therapy

Question 20

what are 4 things that the psychologist is obligated to inform the law about and break consent?

Answer 20

1. if there is an indication that client is likely to harm themselves or someone else
2. if there is an indication that a child is being harmed or abused
3. if there is indication that another health care practitioner is sexually abused/harassed a patient
4. if the courts subpoena the psychologists records

Question 21

what are 6 major theoretical orientations of therapy in Canada?

Answer 21

1. short-term psychodynamic therapy
2. interpersonal psychotherapy
3. process experiential therapy
4. cognitive behavioural therapy
5. behavioural activation
6. dialectical behavioural therapy

Question 22

What is the existential psychotherapy branch of the process-experiential therapy (PE), what are the 4 human crises?

Answer 22

1. death –> person is inable to grasp and can’t imagine not existing
2. isolation –> idea that we are one
3. meaninglessess –> what is my purpose?
4. freedom –> loss of purpose when theres more freedom; loss of direction