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Chapter 12 Flashcards

The Endocrine System (205 cards)

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1
Q

antidiuretic

full word 🟫

A

an agent that decreases urine production

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2
Q

endocrine

full word 🟫

A

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

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3
Q

endocrinology

full word 🟫

A

medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

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4
Q

endocrinologist

full word 🟫

A

a medical specialist in endocrinology

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5
Q

hormone

full word 🟫

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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6
Q

hormonal

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to hormones

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7
Q

hypothalamus

full word 🟫

A

an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain

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8
Q

hypothalamic

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the hypothalamus

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9
Q

melatonin

full word 🟫

A

hormone formed by the pineal gland

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10
Q

oxytocin

full word 🟫

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

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11
Q

pineal

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the pineal gland

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12
Q

pituitary

full word 🟫

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland

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13
Q

prostaglandin

full word 🟫

A

hormone present in many tissues but first isolated from the prostate gland

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14
Q

serotonin

full word 🟫

A

neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system

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15
Q

uret-

root 🟥

A

urination

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16
Q

-crine

root 🟥

A

secrete

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17
Q

hormon-

root 🟥

A

hormone

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18
Q

thalam-

root 🟥

A

thalamus

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19
Q

mela-

root 🟥

A

black

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20
Q

ton-

root 🟥

A

tension, pressure

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21
Q

oxy-

root 🟥

A

oxygen

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22
Q

toc-

root 🟥

A

labor and childbirth

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23
Q

pituit-

root 🟥

A

pituitary

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24
Q

prosta-

root 🟥

A

prostate

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25
gland- ## Footnote root 🟥
gland
26
ser/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
serum
27
-ic ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to
28
-logy ## Footnote suffix 🟦
study of
29
-logist ## Footnote suffix 🟦
one who studies
30
-al ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to
31
-us ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to
32
-in ## Footnote suffix 🟦
substance
33
-ary ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to
34
anti- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
against
35
di- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
complete
36
endo- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
within
37
hypo- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
below
38
acromegaly ## Footnote full word 🟫
enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed
39
adrenocorticotropic ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones
40
corticosteroid ## Footnote full word 🟫
a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
41
corticotropin ## Footnote full word 🟫
pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortes of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone
42
cortisone ## Footnote full word 🟫
a corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex
43
diabetes insipidus (DI) ## Footnote full word 🟫
excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production
44
gonadotropin ## Footnote full word 🟫
any hormone that stimulates gonadal function
45
gonad ## Footnote full word 🟫
an organ that produces sex cells
46
hydrocortisone | cortisol ## Footnote full word 🟫
potent glucocorticoid with antiinflammatory properties
47
prolactin ## Footnote full word 🟫
pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk
48
somatotropin | growth hormone, GH ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues
49
thyrotropin ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland
50
sipid- ## Footnote root 🟥
flavor
51
lact- ## Footnote root 🟥
milk
52
acr/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
peak, highest point
53
adren/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
adrenal gland
54
cortic/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
from the cortex
55
gonad/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
testis, ovary
56
hydr/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
water
57
somat/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
the body
58
thyr/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
thyroid
59
-megaly ## Footnote suffix 🟦
enlargement
60
-tropic ## Footnote suffix 🟦
a turningm change
61
-steroid ## Footnote suffix 🟦
steroid
62
-tropin ## Footnote suffix 🟦
stimulation
63
-one ## Footnote suffix 🟦
hormone
64
in- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
not
65
pro- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
before
66
calcitonin ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones
67
emaciation ## Footnote full word 🟫
abnormal thinness
68
emaciated ## Footnote full word 🟫
pertaining to or suffering from emaciation
69
parathyroid ## Footnote full word 🟫
endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland
70
thymus ## Footnote full word 🟫
endocrine gland is located in the mediastinum
71
thyroid ## Footnote full word 🟫
endocrine gland in the neck, or a cartilage of the larynx
72
thyroxine ## Footnote full word 🟫
thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine
73
thyr- ## Footnote root 🟥
thyroid gland
74
calc/i- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
calcium
75
emac/i- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
make thin
76
-ation ## Footnote suffix 🟦
process
77
-ated ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to a condition
78
-oid ## Footnote suffix 🟦
resembling
79
-ine ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to
80
para- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
adjacent, beside
81
cretin ## Footnote full word 🟫
severe congenital hypothyroidism
82
cretinism ## Footnote full word 🟫
condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism
83
exophthalmos ## Footnote full word 🟫
protrusion of the eyeball
84
goiter ## Footnote full word 🟫
benign enlargement of the thyroid gland
85
Graves Disease ## Footnote full word 🟫
hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter
86
Hashimoto Disease ## Footnote full word 🟫
autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland
87
hyperparathyroidism ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive levels of parathyroid hormone
88
hypoparathyroidism ## Footnote full word 🟫
deficient levels of parathyroid hormone
89
hyperpyrexia ## Footnote full word 🟫
extremely high body temperature or fever
90
hyperthyroidism ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive production of thyroid hormones
91
hypothyroidism ## Footnote full word 🟫
deficient production of thyroidism
92
iodine ## Footnote full word 🟫
chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease
93
myxedema ## Footnote full word 🟫
nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism
94
tetany ## Footnote full word 🟫
severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms
95
thyroidectomy ## Footnote full word 🟫
surgical removal of the thyroid gland
96
thyroiditis ## Footnote full word 🟫
inflammation of the thyroid gland
97
thyrotoxicosis | hyperthyroidism ## Footnote full word 🟫
disease produced by excessive thyroid hormone production
98
cretin- ## Footnote root 🟥
cretin
99
ophthalmos- ## Footnote root 🟥
eye
100
thyr- ## Footnote root 🟥
thyroid
101
pyrex- ## Footnote root 🟥
fever
102
iod- ## Footnote root 🟥
violet
103
-edema ## Footnote root 🟥
swelling
104
toxic/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
poison
105
-ism ## Footnote suffix 🟦
condition, process
106
-oid ## Footnote suffix 🟦
resembling
107
-ia ## Footnote suffix 🟦
condition
108
-ectomy ## Footnote suffix 🟦
surgical excision
109
-itis ## Footnote suffix 🟦
inflammation
110
-sis ## Footnote suffix 🟦
condition
111
ex- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
out
112
hyper- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
excessive
113
hypo- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
deficient, below
114
myx- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
mucus
115
Addison Disease ## Footnote full word 🟫
an autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids
116
adrenal ## Footnote full word 🟫
endocrine gland on the upper pole of each kidney
117
adrenaline ## Footnote full word 🟫
main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla
118
adrenocortical ## Footnote full word 🟫
pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland
119
aldosterone ## Footnote full word 🟫
mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex
120
catecholamine ## Footnote full word 🟫
major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response
121
Cushing Syndrome ## Footnote full word 🟫
hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland
122
facies ## Footnote full word 🟫
facial features and expressions
123
glucocorticoid ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism
124
hydrocortisone | cortisol ## Footnote full word 🟫
potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties
125
idiopathic ## Footnote full word 🟫
pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
126
mineralocorticoid ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism
127
norepinephrine ## Footnote full word 🟫
catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland that is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter
128
steroid ## Footnote full word 🟫
large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components
129
ren- ## Footnote root 🟥
kidney
130
nephr- ## Footnote root 🟥
kidney
131
cortic- ## Footnote root 🟥
cortex
132
catechol- ## Footnote root 🟥
tyrosine containing
133
path- ## Footnote root 🟥
disease
134
ster- ## Footnote root 🟥
solid
135
adren/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
adrenal
136
ald/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
organic compound
137
gluc/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
glucose
138
idi/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
unknown
139
mineral/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
inorganic material
140
-amine ## Footnote suffix 🟦
nitrogen-containing substance
141
ad- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
toward
142
supra- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
above
143
epi- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
above
144
nor- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
normal
145
exocrine ## Footnote full word 🟫
a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts
146
glucagon ## Footnote full word 🟫
pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels
147
gluconeogenesis ## Footnote full word 🟫
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
148
glucose ## Footnote full word 🟫
the final produce of carbohydrate disgestion and the main sugar in blood
149
glycogenolysis ## Footnote full word 🟫
conversion of glycogen to glucose
150
insulin ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone produced by the islet cells of the pancreas
151
islets of Langerhans ## Footnote full word 🟫
areas of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon
152
somatostatin ## Footnote full word 🟫
hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin
153
insul- ## Footnote root 🟥
an island
154
glyc/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
glycogen
155
gen/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
create
156
-agon ## Footnote suffix 🟦
to fight
157
-genesis ## Footnote suffix 🟦
creation
158
-ose ## Footnote suffix 🟦
full of
159
-lysis ## Footnote suffix 🟦
separate, dissolve
160
-statin ## Footnote suffix 🟦
inhibit
161
neo- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
new
162
amputation ## Footnote full word 🟫
process of removing a projecting part
163
autoantibody ## Footnote full word 🟫
antibody produced in response to an antigen from the host's own tissue
164
coma ## Footnote full word 🟫
state of deep unconsiousness
165
comatose ## Footnote full word 🟫
in a state of come
166
diabetes mellitus ## Footnote full word 🟫
metabolic syndrome causes by absolute or relative insulin deficency
167
diabetic ## Footnote full word 🟫
pertaining to or suffering from diabetes
168
hyperglycemia ## Footnote full word 🟫
high level of glucose in the blood
169
hypoglycemic ## Footnote full word 🟫
pertaining to or suffering from low blood sugar
170
hyperglycemic ## Footnote full word 🟫
pertaining to or having hyperglycemia
171
hypoglycemia ## Footnote full word 🟫
low level of glucose in the blood
172
nephropathy ## Footnote full word 🟫
any disease of the kidney
173
neuropathy ## Footnote full word 🟫
any disease of the nervous system
174
paresthesia ## Footnote full word 🟫
an abnormal sensation
175
polydipsia ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive thirst
176
polyphagia ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive eating
177
polyuria ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive production of urine
178
retinopathy ## Footnote full word 🟫
degenerative disease of the retina
179
amput- ## Footnote root 🟥
to prune
180
body- ## Footnote root 🟥
body
181
comat- ## Footnote root 🟥
coma
182
diabet- ## Footnote root 🟥
diabetes
183
esthes- ## Footnote root 🟥
sensation
184
dips- ## Footnote root 🟥
thirst
185
phag- ## Footnote root 🟥
eat
186
ur- ## Footnote root 🟥
urine
187
retin/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
retina of the eye
188
-emia ## Footnote suffix 🟦
a blood condition
189
-emic ## Footnote suffix 🟦
pertaining to a blood condition
190
-pathy ## Footnote suffix 🟦
disease
191
auto- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
self
192
anti- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
against
193
par- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
abnormal
194
poly- ## Footnote prefix 🟩
many, excessive
195
acetone ## Footnote full word 🟫
ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control
196
ketoacidosis ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive ketones in the blood, makinh it acidic
197
ketone ## Footnote full word 🟫
chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation
198
ketosis ## Footnote full word 🟫
excessive production of ketones
199
lethargy ## Footnote full word 🟫
abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time
200
metabolic acidosis ## Footnote full word 🟫
deceased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism
201
saline ## Footnote full word 🟫
salt solution, usually NaCl
202
acid- ## Footnote root 🟥
acid
203
metabol- ## Footnote root 🟥
change
204
ket/o- ## Footnote root 🟥 (vowel makes it a combining form 🟪)
ketone
205
-osis ## Footnote suffix 🟦
condition
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