Chapter 12 - Brain

Question 1

Which disease can cause bilaterally symmetrical T1 hyperintensity in the basal ganglia (specifically the lentiform nuclei)?

a) renal insufficiency
b) hepatic insufficiency
c) hypernatraemia
d)hypoadrenocorticism

Answer 1

b) hepatic insufficiency

due to buildup of manganese which is paramagnetic

Question 2

Which feline disease can cause ependymitis resulting in marked contrast enhancement of the lining of the ventricular system?

a) Feline ischemic encephalopathy
b) Cryptococcus neformans infection
c) Toxoplasma gondii infection
d) Feline infectious peritonitis

Answer 2

d) FIP (intracranial)

Question 3

Which disease can cause bilaterally symmetrical T2 hyperintensity in the white matter tracks adjacent to the thalamus?

a) renal insufficiency
b) hepatic insufficiency
c) hypernatraemia
d)hypoadrenocorticism

Answer 3

c) hypernatraemia

wine glass sign

Question 4

How would you describe this enhancement and what disease could it be?

Answer 4

Marked enhancement of the pachymeninges/dura but not of the sulci

Pachymeningitis (such as idiopathic hypertrophic)

Question 5

Which cranial nerve is most often affected by malignant nerve sheath tumour and what common changes will you have?

Answer 5

Trigeminal nerve

Signs of unilateral trigeminal nerve dysfunction:
- unilateral temporalis, masseter, pterygoid and rostral aspect of digastricus muscle atrophy

Tumours are usuall T2 iso or hyperintense and strongely enhance

Question 6

What is the most common metastatic lesion found in the brain?

a) haemangiosarcoma
b) lymphoma
c) histiocytic sarcoma
d) carcinoma

Answer 6

a) haemangiosarcoma

Question 6

Occlusive infarcts most commonly occur in which region of the brain?

a) forebrain
b) brainstem
c) cerebellum

Answer 6

c) cerebellum

can occur in other parts of brain

Question 7

A suspected intra-cranial haematoma that is T1 and T2 hyperintense is most likely how old?

a) <24 hours
b) 1-3 days
c) 3-7 days
d) 7-14 days

Answer 7

d) 7-14 days

Question 8

Name the areas marked with an asterisk and hash

Answer 8

• = suprapineal recess
  # = quadrigeminal cistern

Question 9

Agenesis of the septum pellicudum is considered intact in …..% of dogs?

a) 25%
b) 45%
c) 65%
d) 85%

Answer 9

a) 25%