zygote
the diplold cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization - a fertilized egg
meiosis
a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication
variation
differences between members of the same species
haploid cells
a cell containing onre set of chromosomes
synaptonemal complex
a zipper like structure made of proteins, which connects a chromosomes to its homolog tightly along their length during part of prophase l and meiosis
karyotype
a display of chromosomes pair of a cell arranged by size and shape
meiosis ll
the second round of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms resulting in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as the original cell
life cycle
the generation-to-generation sequene of stages in the reporductive history of an organism
sex chromosomes
a chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual
locus
a specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
clone
asexual group of genetically identical individuals or cells
fertilization
the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
recombinant chromosomes
a chromosomes created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
synapsis
the pairing and physical connection of one duplicated chromosome to its homolog during prophase l of meiosis
autosomes
a chromosome that is not responsible for determining sex
genetics
the scentific study of heredity and hereditary variation
chiasmata
the x-shaped microscopically visible region where crossing over occurs in prophase l between homologus nonsister chromatids.
alternation of generations
a life cycle in which there is both multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicelluar haploid form, the gametophyte; **characteristic of plants and some algae **
diploid cell
a cell containing two sets of chromosomes one from each parent
homologus chromosomes
a pair of chromosomes that are the same length, centre position and staining pattern that posses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci
meiosis l
the first stage of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms resulting in cells with the half the number of chromosomes sets as the orginal cell
asexual reproduction
the generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes in most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent
