chapter 15

Question 1

Monohybrid cross

Answer 1

A cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed

Question 2

hybridization

Answer 2

in genetics, the mating or crossing of two-breeding varieties

Question 3

Punnet square

Answer 3

A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of a random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype

Question 4

alleles

Answer 4

any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Question 5

Dihybrids

Answer 5

An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest.

Question 6

Dominant allele

Answer 6

An allele that is fully expressed in a phenotype or heterozygous

Question 7

P generation

Answer 7

true breeding parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived in studies of inheritance

Question 8

carriers

Answer 8

an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus for a recessively inherited disorder

Question 9

Trait

Answer 9

one or two or more detectable variants in a genetic character

Question 10

pleiotropy

Answer 10

the ability of a single gene to have multiple effects

Question 11

Huntington’s disease

Answer 11

a disease caused by dominant allele; uncontrolled body movements; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.

Question 12

cystic fibrosis

Answer 12

A human genetic disease by a reccesive allele for chloride channel protein; infection

Question 13

multiplication rule

Answer 13

a rule stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities.

Question 14

Complete dominance

Answer 14

Dominate fully shows

Question 15

Epistasis

Answer 15

One gene affects another
Interaction

Question 16

Aminocentesis

Answer 16

A technique associated with prenatal diagnosis

Amniotic fluid is obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus

Question 17

Law of independent assortment

Answer 17

Second law

Question 18

Chrionic villus sampling

Answer 18

A technique associated in which a sample sample of the fetal portion of the placenta ta is removed for analysis

Question 19

Test cross

Answer 19

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive Indian to determine the unknown genotype.

Question 20

Quantitative charcters

Answer 20

A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either or fashion

Question 21

Tay sach disease

Answer 21

A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

The physical traits of an organism

Question 23

Law of segregation

Answer 23

First law

Question 24

Homozygote

Answer 24

An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a gene

Question 25

Pedigree

Answer 25

A diagram of a family tree with conventional symbols

Question 26

Multifactorial

Answer 26

Referring to a phenotypic character that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors

Question 27

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 27

An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character

Question 28

True breeding

Answer 28

Organism that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations

Question 29

F1 generation

Answer 29

The first final hybrid arising from P generation

Question 30

Character

Answer 30

An observable heritable feature that may very among individuals

Question 31

F2 generation

Answer 31

Coming form f1 generation

Question 32

Heterozygous

Answer 32

Having two different alleles for a given gene

Question 33

Monohybrid

Answer 33

Single gene of interest

Question 34

Homozygous

Answer 34

Having two identical alleles for a given gene

Question 35

Codominace

Answer 35

The situation in which the phenotypes of both allles are exhibited

Question 36

Genotype

Answer 36

The genetic makeup of set of alleles

Question 37

Additional rule

Answer 37

A rule of probability stating that the probability of any one or two or more mutually exclusive events occurring can be determined by adding their individual probability

Question 38

Heterozygote

Answer 38

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene

Question 39

Recessive allele

Answer 39

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in heterozygote

Question 40

Dihybrid cross

Answer 40

A cross between two organisms

Question 41

Incomplete dominance

Answer 41

The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygous is intermediate between the Individuals homozygous for either allele