Untitled > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What are skis used on?

A

aircraft landing on frozen lakes and snowy areas

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2
Q

What are pontoons used on?

A

For aircraft landing on water

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3
Q

What are wheel landing gear used on?

A

aircraft landing on runways and hard surfaces

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4
Q

what are skids used on?

A

helicopters, balloon gongolas, and tail dragger aircraft

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5
Q

What is an amphibious aircraft?

A

an aircraft designed with a combination of two types of landing gear

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6
Q

What are three basic landing gear arrangements?

A

Tail wheel-type landing gear, tandem landing gear, tricycle-type landing gear

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7
Q

What is another name for Tail-wheel type landing gear?

A

conventional gear

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8
Q

what type of landing gear arrangement is commonly used on older aircraft?

A

Tail-wheel type / conventional gear

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9
Q

What type of landing gear arrangement is most uncommonly used?

A

Tandem landing gear

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10
Q

What type of landing gear arrangement is most commonly used?

A

Tricycle-type landing gear

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11
Q

What are some benefits to using a tricyle type landing gear arrangement?

A

Higher landing speeds, better visibility from flight deck, prevention of ground-looping

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12
Q

Do all tricycle-type landing gear have controllable nose gear?

A

No, but most have steerable nose gear

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13
Q

How does light aircraft steer the nose gear?

A

through mechanical linkage to the rudder pedals

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14
Q

How does heavy aircraft steer the nose gear?

A

through hydraulic power

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15
Q

Where is retractable landing gear stored?

A

Fuselage or wing compartments

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16
Q

Does retractable landing gear cause parasite drag?

A

No

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17
Q

What’s a type of non-shock absorbing landing gear?

A

Leaf-type spring landing gear

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18
Q

How does rigid landing gear work?

A

It directly transfers shock load to the airframe

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19
Q

How does Leaf-type spring landing gear work?

A

Receives the impact of the landing and returns it to the airframe with flexible spring steel, aluminum or composite struts

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20
Q

What are the two further classifications of aircraft landing gear?

A

Fixed and retractable landing gear

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21
Q

What type of aircraft is fixed landing gear used on?

A

Small and single engine aircraft

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22
Q

Where is fixed landing gear attached on an aircraft?

A

To the airframe

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23
Q

Is fixed landing gear used on fast or slow aircraft?

A

Slow aircraft

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24
Q

what are bungee cords used on?

A

On Non-shock absorbing landing gear

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25
Where would a bungee cord be located?
Positioned between the rigid airframe structure and the flexing gear assembly
26
What are bungee cords made up of?
Many individual small strands of elastic rubber
27
What is the most common method of landing shock dissipation in aviation?
Shock struts
28
On what size aircraft are shock struts used on?
All size aircrafts
29
What do shock struts do?
Converts the shock energy of landing impact into heat energy
30
What does the emergency extension system do?
Lowers landing gear if main power system fails
31
What does a safety switch/ squat switch do?
Locks the landing gear in place and prevents it from retracting while on ground
32
What is the meaning of a flashing red on the position indicator
It’s unsafe
33
What does it mean when the landing gear indicator is off and not flashing any color?
That the gear is up and locked
34
What does a green color mean on the position indicator?
Gear is down and locked
35
What does a shimmy damper do?
It controls nose wheel shimmy through hydraulic damping
36
What are the two type of shimmy dampers?
Piston-type and Vane-type
37
What is Galling in tires caused by?
Rubbing of mating surfaces
38
What is overheating in tires caused by?
Caused by lack of sufficient lubrication
39
Which wheels on an aircraft do not have a braking system?
The nose wheel or tail wheel
40
How does a pilot control the brakes?
Through mechanical or hydraulic linkage to the rudder pedals
41
What type of brake do most modern aircraft use?
Disc brakes
42
What kind of brake system do large heavy aircraft use?
Multiple-disc brakes
43
What is the improved version of the multiple-disc brake?
Carbon brakes
44
True or false. You should always check tire pressure while its under load with the weight of the aircraft
True
45
How many hours is recommended to elapse after landing to ensure the tire has cooled for ambient temperature?
3 hours
46
Should tires be stored vertically or horizontally?
Vertically
47
At what range of temperature should tires be stored at?
Between 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 104 degrees Fahrenheit
48
How does a tube-type tire hold air?
Uses a tube to hold air and prevents it from leaking out
49
How does a tubeless tire hold air?
It contains an inner liner designed to hold air
50
What kind of identification code do Type VII tires use?
Tire diameter X section width
51
What kind of identification code do type III tires use?
Width - diameter
52
What are the three main components of an anti-skid system?
Wheel speed sensors, anti-skid control valves, a control unit
53
What does the control unit of an anti-skid system do?
It receives signals from each wheel sensor and determines if a skid is happening or about to, if so it sends a signal to the control valve of wheel
54
Where is the control unit of an anti-skid system located?
Avionics bay of an aircraft
55
What does an anti-skid system do?
Rotates the wheel to avoid a skid by relieving pressure on the brake piston of the wheel
56
The top and bottom tubes of an oleo struts consist of what?
Air or nitrogen on the upper tube, and hydraulic fluid on the lower tube
57
How does an oleo struts work?
It uses compressed air/nitrogen combined with hydraulic fluid to absorb and dissipate shock loads
58
Name of the attaching mechanism on a main gear with two or more wheels
Bogie
59
How is the force of non shock absorbing landing gear transferred
Transferred directly to the airframe at a different rate and time
60
The metering pins in an oleo strut do what?
regress the flow of oil as the struts are compressed
61
What causes spongy brakes?
compressed air in the system
62
What does a brake debooster do?
reduces pressure in the pistons
63
If speed of the aircraft increases, does the drag produced by the landing increase or decrease?
Increase
64
What are some advantages to using conventional landing gear?
- reduced weight -permits use of long propeller -reduces drag
65
What does the orifice do in a landing gear strut
provides passage for fluid from the bottom chamber to enter the upper chamber
66
What does a metering pin do?
controls the rate of fluid flow from the lower chamber to to the upper chamber
67
What does a recoil valve do?
prevents damage to the shock strut from impact forces
68
what are torque links for?
to maintain alignment of the wheels and piston
69
What is camber?
the alignment of a main wheel to the vertical plain
70
What do bleeding shock struts do?
remove excess entrapped air inside the strut
71
If a tire is at a high temperature, will it have high or low pressure?
high presssure
72
what causes tire centerware
over inflation
73
what causes tire shoulder wear?
under inflation
74
what causes tire side wear
alignment and or brake issues
75
What are four landing gear safety devices?
safety switch, ground locks, landing gear position indicators, nose wheel centering device
76
What do ground locks do?
ensure the landing gear remain in the down and locked position
77
what is the purpose of valves in an oleo strut?
to prevent rapid extension of the strut after initial landing
78
What are the dangers of skiding on large aircraft?
-tire blowout -aircraft damage -loss of maneuverability
79
What is overheating in tires caused by?
lack of lubrication
80
In bias ply tires how are the plies constructed?
Plies are laid between 30 degrees and 60 degrees
81
How are plies in radial tired laid?
At a 90 degree angle to the direction of rotation of the tire
82
Psi of common high pressure tires
100-300 psi
83
A flat spot in a tire is caused by what?
Tire skidding
84
Do most tire failures occur during takeoff or landing?
Takeoff
85
What is hydroplaning?
Tire skidding on wet, icy, or dry runways
86
The instruction plate attached to the struts serves what purpose?
To give instructions how to service the struts serves -inflating -filling the strut with fluid -type of hydraulic fluid -correct pressure for the struts serves
87
If an aircraft shock strut bottoms upon initial landing contact but functions correctly during taxi, the most probable cause is what?
Low fluid
88
Bottoms up on a shock strut indicates what?
Low fluid
89
When a carpenters square is slid against the tire what indicates if the wheel is toe in?
Gap in the front ( at bend in carpenter’s square)
90
Is there’s problem during taxi
Sign of low air
91
How does centering cam function on aircraft landing gear retraction systems?
Two pieces inside the supper cylinder as gear extends after take off piston extends and the upper piece connects with the lower piece to center the gear during retraction
92
What is the purpose of a compensating port or valve in a brake master cylinder of an independent brake system?
Permits the fluid to flow towards or away from the reservoir as temperature changes
93
How do brakes system function modern
Converts kinetic energy to heat energy through friction
94
Over inflated tires may cause damage to what?
Tire flange
95
What do chines on aircraft nose wheel tires do?
Deflect water away from the fuselage
96
What is the function of cam in a nose gear shock strut
Straightens the nose wheel
97
How does a skid control valve stop a skid?
Relieves the hydraulic pressure on the brake
98
What should you do if a shock strut bottoms after it’s been properly serviced?
Remove, disassemble, and inspect the strut
99
Excessive wear in the shoulder area of an aircraft tire is an indication of what?
Under inflation
100
Excessive wear in the shoulder area of an aircraft tire is an indication of what?
Under inflation
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