chapter 13- functional assessment

Question 1

ABC observation

Answer 1

• a functional assessment involving direct observation of the antecedents, the TB, and the consequences of the behaviour
• there are different methods which include; descriptive method, checklist method, and interval recording

Question 2

automatic negative reinforcement

Answer 2

• occurs when the TB automatically reduces or eliminates and aversive stimulus as a consequence of the behaviour and the behaviour is strengthened
• escape from the aversive stimulus is mediated by the actions of another person

Question 3

automatic positive reinforcement

Answer 3

• when the behavior produces a positively reinforcing consequence automatically and the behavior is strengthened

Question 4

control conditioning

Answer 4

• a functional analysis condition which you present AO for the behaviour and do not provide the reinforcer for the behaviour if it occurs

Question 5

descriptive assessments

Answer 5

ntended to help us determine why a behavior occurs rather than how often a behavior occurs

Question 6

exploratory functional analysis

Answer 6

• a type of functional analysis in which the behaviour analyst may not have a hypothesis about the reinforcing consequence maintaining the problem behaviour - typically includes three or four test conditions and a control condition
• in each test condition, the behaviour analyst presents an EO and a possible reinforcer for the problem behaviour and in a control condition presents and AO and withholds possible reinforcers

Question 7

functional analysis

Answer 7

• a functional assessment method in which environmental events (antecedents and consequences of the behaviour) are manipulated to demonstrate a functional relationship b/1 the environmental events and the behaviour
• follow the problem behaviour with potential reinforcers to see which consequences increase behaviour, and you present different antecedent events to see which one evokes behaviour

Question 8

functional assessment

Answer 8

• process of gathering information on events preceding and following the behaviour in an attempt to determine which antecedents and consequences are reliably associated with the occurrence of the behaviour
• gives info that helps determine why a problem behaviour is occurring as well as detailed info about antecedent stimuli
• includes indirect assessment, direct observations, and functional analysis methods
• behavior analysis is always lawful- its occurrence us controlled by environmental variables

Question 9

functional intervention

Answer 9

• interventions (extinction, differential reinforcement, and antecedent control) that decrease problem behaviours w/o the use of punishment by modifying the antecedent and consequences that control the behaviours
• these interventions are considered functional analysis b/c they address the antecedents and consequences identified in the functional assessment
• non-aversive b/c they do not rely on the punishment

Question 10

hypothesis- testing functional anlysis

Answer 10

• a type of functional analysis in which the goal is not to evaluate all possible functions, but confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis
• 1 test and 1 control
• test conditions presents the hypothesized EO and when the problem behaviour occurs, present the hypothesized reinforcer
  = control condition presents the hypothesized AO, and if the problem behaviour occurs, does not provide the hypothesized reinforcer
• if the tartget behaviour occurred at a greater rate in the test condition and at lesser rate in the control condition, the results would confirm that hypothesis that attention was the reinforcing consequence for the Tb

Question 11

scatter plot

Answer 11

• a type of functional assessment procedure in which you record each half hour whether the behaviour occurred in the preceding half hour - it is used to establish the temporal pattern in the behaviour

Question 12

social negative reinforcement

Answer 12

• when another person terminates an aversive interaction, task, or activity after the occurrence of a TB, and as a result, the behaviour is more likely to occur, the behaviour is said to be maintained by social negative reinforcement

Question 13

social positive reinforcement

Answer 13

• when a positively reinforcing consequence is delivered by another person after the TB, and as a result, the behaviour is more likely to occur
• may involve more attention, access to activities, or tangible provided by another person

Question 14

test condition

Answer 14

• a functional analysis condition where you provide and EO for the behaviour and provide the reinforcer for the behaviour if it occurs

Question 15

functions of problem beahviours

Answer 15

• social positive reinforcement
• social negative reinforcement
• automatic positive reinforcement
• automatic negative reinforcement

Question 16

functional assessment method

Answer 16

• indirect methods
• direct observation methods
• experimental methods (functional analysis)

Question 17

conducting a functional assessment

Answer 17

1. start with behavioural interview
2. develop a hypothesis about the ABC’s of behaviour
3. conduct a direct observation assessment
4. confirm your initial hypothesis for the ABCs of the problem behaviour
5. conduct further assessment
6. conduct a functional analysis if needed