Chapter 13 - Solutions

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

-may be composed of gas or liquid

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

majority component

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

minority component

Question 4

Solubility

Answer 4

the amount of the compound (in grams) that dissolved a certain amount of liquid

Question 5

Saturated Solution

Answer 5

holds the maximum amount of solute under solution conditions

-if additional solute is added to a saturated solution, it will NOT dissolve

Question 6

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 6

holds LESS than the max amount of solute

-if solute is added, it will dissolve

Question 7

Supersaturated Solution

Answer 7

holds more than the normal maximum amount of solite

-the solute normally PRECIPITATE from a supersaturated soln

Question 8

Electrolyte Solution

Answer 8

a soln that contains a solute that dissolves into ions

-ions in electrolyte soln are mobile charged particles and can CONDUCT ELECTRICITY

Question 9

Nonelectrolyte Solution

Answer 9

a soln that contains molecular solids

Question 10

Solubility and Temperature

Answer 10

• solubility of SOLIDS in water INCREASES w INCREASING TEMP

- solubility of GASES in water DECREASES w INCREASING TEMP

Question 11

Recrystallization

Answer 11

• a way to purify a solid
• putting a solid into a heated water or other solvent w an elevated temp
• enough solute is added to create a saturated soln
• as solution cools, solubility decreases, and precipitate is formed
• -crystalline structures tend to reject impurities

Question 12

Henry’s Law

Answer 12

the higher the pressure above a liquid, the more soluble the gas is in the liquid

Question 13

Dilute Solution

Answer 13

soln with small amounts of solute relative to solvent

Question 14

Concentrated Solution

Answer 14

soln containing large amount of solute relative to solvent

Question 15

Mass Percent

Answer 15

-method of reporting solution concentration
-number of grams of solute per number of grams of solution (solute + solvent)x100%
mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)

Question 16

Molarity (M)

Answer 16

• number of moles of solute per liter of soln
• expresses solute concentration

M= moles of solute/liters of soln

Question 17

Stock Solutions

Answer 17

concentrated forms of soln for storage

Question 18

Dilution Equation

Answer 18

M1V1=M2V2

M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the initial CONCENTRATED soln
M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the final DILATED soln

Question 19

Freezing Point Depression/

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 19

soln has a lower melting point and higher boiling point than pure liquid

-depends on the number of solute particles in a solution

Question 20

Colligative Properties

Answer 20

properties which depends on the number of dissolved solute particles and not on the type of solute particles

Question 21

Molality (m)

Answer 21

concentration of solution expressed as number of moles of solute per kg of solvent

m=moles solute/kg solvent

Question 22

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 22

Change in T=mxKf

• change in T of the freezing point in C(fr freezing point of pure solvent)
• m is molality of solution (mol solute/kg solvent)
• K is freezing point depression constant of solvent

Question 23

Kf

Answer 23

freezing point depression constant for the solvent

Kf=1.86(C kg solvent/mol solute)

Question 24

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 24

Change in T=mxKb

• change in T of boiling point in C
• m is molality of solution (mol solute/kg solvent)
• Kb is the boiling point elevation constant of solvent

Question 25

Kb

Answer 25

the boiling point elevation constant of solvent Kb=0.512(C kg solvent/mol solute)

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

the flow of solvent from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution