What is the expert definition of intelligence?
The ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.
What was the purpose of the original Binet-Simon intelligence test?
To estimate children’s mental age and identify those needing educational support.
How is IQ traditionally calculated?
As the ratio of mental age to chronological age.
What type of subtests are included in the WAIS?
General knowledge, vocabulary, comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and visual puzzles.
What does high test–retest reliability of IQ scores suggest?
The tests produce consistent results over time.
What is predictive validity in intelligence testing?
The extent to which intelligence scores predict real-world outcomes such as grades or job performance.
What correlation does academic performance have with intelligence?
Approximately 0.5.
What does factor analysis reveal about intelligence?
A general intelligence factor that influences performance across tasks.
What is fluid intelligence?
The ability to solve new and unfamiliar problems.
What is crystallized intelligence?
Knowledge and information acquired over time
(eg. language)
How does fluid intelligence change across the lifespan?
Usually decreases with age.
How does crystallized intelligence change across the lifespan?
Usually increases with age.
What is the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT)?
Intelligence depends on coordinated activity between parietal and frontal brain regions.
What is inspection time in intelligence research?
The time required by a subject to make a single observation or inspection
What is working memory capacity associated with?
The ability to hold and manipulate information in your mind while doing a task
What is practical intelligence?
The intelligence needed in everyday problem solving
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to understand your own emotions and recognize others’ emotions
What is the Flynn Effect?
The rise of intelligence scores by roughly 3 points per decade, especially in fluid intelligence.
What evidence supports genetic influences on intelligence?
Identical twins have more similar IQs than fraternal twins.
What evidence supports environmental influences on intelligence?
Family environments, nutrition, and education
What is the cognitive unconscious?
Mental processes that occur outside awareness but support everyday functioning.
(eg. process of reading)
What is unconscious reasoning?
Thinking and making decisions without being aware of the process
What is blindsight?
A condition where patients with visual cortex damage can respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness.
What is subliminal perception?
Processing of information without conscious awareness
demonstrated through N400 brain wave responses
