What is context-dependent learning?
When you remember things better if you’re in the same place, feeling, or situation (external context)
What is state-dependent learning?
Memory is better when physical/mental state matches learning.
Define encoding specificity.
Memory recall is better when the context of the recall matches the context of the original learning
What are nodes in memory networks?
Represent ideas with activation thresholds and associative links.
Define spreading activation.
Automatic spread of activation through memory links
Why do hints help memory?
Provide a starting point for activation to spread to target info.
What is semantic priming?
Faster responses to words when preceded by related words.
Recall vs recognition difference?
Recall generates info; recognition identifies presented info.
What is implicit memory?
Memory without awareness, shown through priming.
Jacoby (1983) finding?
Conceptual work boosts explicit memory; perceptual exposure boosts implicit memory.
What is word-stem completion?
A task where you’re given the first few letters of a word and asked to fill in the rest to make the first word that comes to mind
(Doc____ = Doctor)
Illusion of truth effect?
Repeated statements seem more credible due to familiarity.
Source confusion?
A memory error where you remember information but forget or mix up where you learned it
Define implicit memory perspective.
Things are easy for your brain to process because you’ve encountered them before
Retrograde amnesia?
Loss of memories before brain injury.
Anterograde amnesia?
Inability to form new long-term memories.
Double dissociation evidence?
Different brain damage affects explicit and implicit memory separately.
What is memory reconstruction?
Rebuilding memory using fragments and knowledge, causing errors.
DRM procedure result?
People recall critical words not presented due to associations.
What is a schema?
A mental structure that helps people organize and interpret the large amount of information they encounter in the world
Schema advantage?
Helps understanding, recalling, and inferring missing details.
Loftus & Palmer finding?
Asking questions using vivid language can distort memories and even create entirely false ones
Misinformation effect?
Memory of an event becomes less accurate because of incorrect information you learn after the event happened
Interference theory of forgetting?
New learning disrupts old memories.
