meta-communication
communication that indicates how verbal information should be interpreted
- underlying messages in what we say and do; non-verbal cues
non-verbal interaction
not all gestures are universal
non-verbal communication barriers
- can be a source of misunderstanding and irritation
- ex. silence -> asian culture (expect japan) discourage verbalisation since it contradicts the principle of modest but western cultures silence makes pauses in a discourse
assumptions (3)
- cognitive dimension
- affective dimension
- directive dimension
cognitive dimension
related to presumptions as to how people think that things work
affective dimension
related to presumed likings of people
directive dimension
related to the presumed choice of people
cultural assumptions related to: (3)
- time
- space
- identity
ethnocentrism
judging another culture solely by the values and standards of ones own culture
stereotypes
a series of images created in our minds with regard to a group or groups of people
stereotypes starting point confirmation of..
starting point: norms and values of the culture concerned
confirmation of prejudices rather than the result of accurate observations of reality
dealing with stereotypes (2)
- not to fight against stereotypes and prejudices
2. necessary way of establishing ones own cultural identity
