Chapter 14

Question 0

What is the most important energy source worldwide?

Answer 0

Biomass fuel

Question 1

Which 3 substances provide 5/6ths of the world’s energy?

Answer 1

• oil
  
  • natural gas
  • coal

Question 2

List three examples of biomass fuel.

Answer 2

• wood
  
  • plant material
  • animal waste

Question 3

Define fossil fuel.

Answer 3

The residue of plants and animals that were buried millions of years ago.

Question 4

When will petroleum, natural gas, and coal be brokered at the current rate of consumption?

Answer 4

In about 50 years

Question 5

What are the 2 major sources of global instability in the world?

Answer 5

• unequal possession

- consumption of fossil fuels

Question 6

Who are the top producers of coal?

Answer 6

• China

- USA

Question 7

Who are the top producers of petroleum?

Answer 7

• Saudi Arabia

- Iran

Question 8

Who are the top producers of natural gas?

Answer 8

• Russia

- USA

Question 9

How much of the world’s population is MDCs?

Answer 9

1/4

Question 10

How much of the world’s energy are consumed by MDCs?

Answer 10

3/4

Question 11

What are the 2 sharp regional differences in energy consumption that have geographic consequences?

Answer 11

• LDCs are consuming much more energy as they promote development and cope with high population growth
  
  • Because MDCs consume more energy than they produce, they must import more fossil fuels from LDCs

Question 12

What’s wrong with natural gas?

Answer 12

• increases by 7% every year
  
  • hard to transport
  • reserves are in relatively inaccessible locations

Question 13

What is wrong with coal?

Answer 13

• air pollution
  
  • mine safety
  • land subsidence
  • economics

Question 14

What is OPEC?

Answer 14

• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
  
  • formed in 1960
  • Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, UAE, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola
  • unify the petroleum policies and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic, and regular, supply, of oil to consumers

Question 15

What is the advantage if nuclear power?

Answer 15

There is a large amount of energy released from a small amount of material

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

Answer 16

• potential accidents from nuclear
  
  • radioactive waste from nuclear
  • no one wants it in their community
  • bomb material from nuclear, weapons and can terminate human civilizations
  • limited uranium services
  • very expensive

Question 17

What are the 3 non-metallic resources?

Answer 17

• rock and earthen material
  
  • fertilizer
  • gemstones

Question 18

Define ferrous.

Answer 18

Alloys used in the production of iron steel

Question 19

What’s so special about iron?

Answer 19

Humans began making tools out of iron in 2000 BC

Question 20

Where is iron concentrated in?

Answer 20

• China
  
  • Brazil
  • Australia

Question 21

What are the major importers for iron?

Answer 21

• Western Europe

- Japan

Question 22

What are common non-ferrous metals?

Answer 22

• aluminum
  
  • copper
  • lead
  • zinc
  • silver
  • gold
  • platinum

Question 23

Define air pollution.

Answer 23

Concentration of trace substances at a greater level that occurs in average air

Question 24

What are the most common air pollutants?

Answer 24

- carbon monoxide - sulfur dioxide - nitrogen oxides - hydrocarbons - solid particles

Question 25

What three human activities generate the most air pollution, and what gases do they emit?

Answer 25

- motor vehicles: carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons - industry: sulfur dioxide - power plants: sulfur dioxide

Question 26

What is global warming?

Answer 26

When human actions cause Earth's temperature to rise

Question 27

What has caused an increase in carbon dioxide I'm the air?

Answer 27

Increase of fossil fuel

Question 28

What is greenhouse effect?

Answer 28

The anticipated increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface

Question 29

What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) doing to the atmosphere?

Answer 29

- polluting | - breaking down Earth's protective layer

Question 30

How does acid precipitation affect the water and land?

Answer 30

- by damaging lakes, and killing fish and plants | - by depriving nutrients from plants

Question 31

Where does acid precipitation occur most in the United States?

Answer 31

Eastern lakes

Question 32

Describe the situations going on in Eastern Europe and Russia.

Answer 32

Policies encourage factories and power plants to not use pollution controlled devices

Question 33

Why are urban areas the most populated regions?

Answer 33

- b/c of the large number of factories, motor vehicles, and other pollutants - particles (dust and smoke)

Question 34

How does carbon monoxide harm us?

Answer 34

It reduces the level of oxygen in blood

Question 35

How do hydrocarbons harm us?

Answer 35

They cause respiratory problems

Question 36

How do particles harm us?

Answer 36

They cause a dark plume of smoke

Question 37

How does the weather affect air pollutants?

Answer 37

When it's windy the wind disperses pollutants

Question 38

Why is Denver the worst city in the US for concentrations of carbon monoxide and particles?

Answer 38

B/c the Rocky Mountains trap the gases and makes a permanent temperature.

Question 39

Name two cities where there is severe air pollution and their reasons being.

Answer 39

Santiago - burning diesel fuel | Mexico City - dust from dirty streets

Question 40

How does water-using industries due water?

Answer 40

They use water when making steel, chemicals, paper products, and food processing

Question 41

How does municipal sewage use water?

Answer 41

Not all pollutants are removed from the water

Question 42

How does agriculture use water?

Answer 42

By fertilizers and pesticide sprays that get carried into the lakes and rivers

Question 43

How does biochemical oxygen demand affect aquatic life?

Answer 43

The oxygen consumed by the decomposing organic waste

Question 44

How does DDT affect aquatic life?

Answer 44

Salmon becomes unfit to eat

Question 45

How do factories and power plants affect aquatic life?

Answer 45

The fish aren't able to adapt to the warmer water

Question 46

What is the difference between MDCs and LDCs in the way of water treatment?

Answer 46

Usually MDCs have more sewer systems to clean the water

Question 47

How much solid waste per person gets recycled?

Answer 47

50%

Question 48

What are the two ways of disposing solid waste and what is wrong with these methods?

Answer 48

- sanitary landfills: more pollutants are dispersed into the air - incineration: releases some toxins into the air

Question 49

Why is disposing hazardous waste difficult?

Answer 49

Because they include heavy metals