Chapter 2

Question 0

East Asia

Answer 0

• China, Japan, and Korea
  
  • 1/5 of the world’s population
  • sparsely inhabited mountains and deserts
  • clustered near the Pacific Coast

Question 1

What are the most populated regions?

Answer 1

• East Asia
  
  • South Asia
  • Europe
  • Eastern North America
  • West Africa
  • Southeast Asia

Question 2

South Asia

Answer 2

• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka
  
  • heavily populated near coastlines
  • mostly farmers

Question 3

Southeast Asia

Answer 3

• about 500,000 people
  
  • mostly on islands
  • Phillipines and Indonesia

Question 4

Europe

Answer 4

• 1/9 of world’s population
  
  • Monoca and Russia
  • Mostly urban
  • mostly near coal fields of England and Germany

Question 5

Eastern North America

Answer 5

• United States
  
  • along Atlantic coast
  • mostly urban

Question 6

West Africa

Answer 6

• 2% of world’s population
  
  • south facing Atlantic coast
  • Nigeria

Question 7

Ecumene

Answer 7

Portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Question 8

Non-ecumene

Answer 8

Portion of Earth’s surface not occupied by permanent human settlement

Question 9

List the 4 “lands” which are sparsely populated on Earth.

Answer 9

• dry lands
  
  • wet lands
  • cold lands
  • high lands

Question 10

Dry lands

Answer 10

• too dry for farming

- lack of sufficient water to grow crops that could feed large populations

Question 11

Wet lands

Answer 11

• receives very high levels of precipitation

- depletes nutrients from the soil and thus hinders agriculture

Question 12

Cold lands

Answer 12

• covered in ice or frozen ground
  
  • less precipitation
  • unsustainable for planting crops

Question 13

High lands

Answer 13

• steep and covered in snow

- uncomfortably high

Question 14

Arithmetic density

Answer 14

Total number of people divides by total land area

Question 15

Physiological density

Answer 15

Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land

Question 16

Agricultural density

Answer 16

Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Question 17

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 17

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 18

Crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 18

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 19

Natural increase rate (NIR)

Answer 19

Percentage by which a population grows in a year

Question 20

What is the NIR today?

Answer 20

1.2%

Question 21

When did global NIR peak, and what was it?

Answer 21

1963 - 2.2%

Question 22

About how many people are being added to the world’s population each year?

Answer 22

80 million

Question 23

Doubling time

Answer 23

Number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Question 24

In what 4 regions is most growth occurring?

Answer 24

- Asia - Africa - Latin America - Middle East

Question 25

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 25

Average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years (ages 15-49)

Question 26

What is the global average TFR?

Answer 26

2.7

Question 27

What region has the highest TFR?

Answer 27

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 28

What region has the lowest TFR?

Answer 28

Europe

Question 29

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 29

Annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births

Question 30

Life expectancy

Answer 30

Average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels

Question 31

How are mortality rates distributed globally, in terms of the developed and developing worlds?

Answer 31

- most favorable in wealthier countries | - least favorable in poorer countries

Question 32

Total population formula

Answer 32

Demographic change - original population + births - deaths + immigrants - emigrants = total population (D-O+B-D=TP)

Question 33

Triangle shaped population pyramid

Answer 33

- rapid growth - LDCs - younger generations

Question 34

Extended triangle shaped population pyramid

Answer 34

- moderate growth - LDCs - working class generations

Question 35

Column shaped population pyramid

Answer 35

- slow growth - MDCs - wealthier - contraceptives

Question 36

Pentagon shaped population pyramid

Answer 36

- reduced growth - MDCs - stage 5 (Germany) - shrinking

Question 37

Demographic transition

Answer 37

Process with several stages and every country is in one of them

Question 38

Stage 1: Low Growth

Answer 38

- most of humanity's 100,000 years occupy of Earth - people depended on hunting and gathering - high CDR - low NIR

Question 39

Stage 2: High Growth

Answer 39

- 10,000 years after the agricultural revolution - world's population grew 10 times faster - 1750s - low CDR

Question 40

Stage 3: Moderate Growth

Answer 40

- CBR drops sharply - first have of 20th century - people are more likely to live in cities

Question 41

Stage 4: Low Growth

Answer 41

- zero population growth (ZPG) - mostly European countries - more contraceptives after 1960s

Question 42

What primarily determines the shape of a population pyramid?

Answer 42

CBR

Question 43

Dependency Ratio

Answer 43

Number of people too young or too old to work

Question 44

What two age groups are categorized as dependent?

Answer 44

0-14 and 65+