Chapter 14

Question 1

Describe the endocrine system

Answer 1

• the endocrine system uses chemical signals that bind to receptor molecules
• it works alongside the nervous system to regulate functions of the body + maintain homeostasis
• it works slower than the nervous system
• the endocrine system and its widely scattered glands secrete hormones that diffuse from the interstitial fluid into the blood stream
• hormones are chemical messengers that act on target cells regulating their metabolic functions
• hormones affect most body cells regulating growth and development,balance of blood components, body defences, cellular metabolism, energy balance + reproduction.
• Hormones are long distance chemical signals

Question 2

Define hormone

Answer 2

a chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs

Question 3

List the 9 hormones

Answer 3

oxytocin
ADH
aldosterone
adrenaline
noradrenaline
insulin
glucagon
angiotensin
ANP

Question 4

Name the site of production and actions of oxytocin

Answer 4

hypothalamus

contracts uterine wall, contracts milk secreting gland muscles

Question 5

Name the site of production and actions of ADH

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

causes conservation of water in kidneys, increase in concentrations raises BP

Question 6

Name the site of production and actions of Aldosterone

Answer 6

body fluid electrolyte concentrations

regulates extracellular electrolyte concentrations by conserving sodium and excreting potassium

Question 7

Name the site of production and actions of adrenaline

Answer 7

adrenal medulla

increase HR
increase BP
expand air passages of lungs
dilate pupils
alter metabolism

Question 8

Name the site of production and actions of noradrenaline

Answer 8

adrenal medulla

enables body to perform well in stressful situations

Question 9

Name the site of production and actions of insulin

Answer 9

pancreas

controls blood glucose levels

Question 10

Name the site of production and actions of glucagon

Answer 10

pancreas

controls blood sugar

Question 11

Name the site of production and actions of angiotensin

Answer 11

liver

causes vasoconstriction and an increase in BP. regulates BP

Question 12

Name the site of production and actions of ANP

Answer 12

heart atria

lowers BP + control electrolyte homeostasis