What was the political change that came from Emancipation?
- structure of southern governments and laws
- power of federal government
What was the economic change that came from Emancipation?
- south had to adapt to economy without slaves
- had to learn what role the federal gov plays
What was the social change that came from Emancipation?
- slave becomes a free man (no second class of citizens)
- do now laws = new attitudes?
What did the moderates believe?
- no voting rights or free land for freedom
- confederate states never left the union
Who was an example of a moderate?
Lincoln
What did the radicals believe?
- freedmen have the right to vote and hold office
- give them land
- states must meet requirements to re-enter union (so rebels don’t regain power)
What was the state of freedmen at war’s end?
- no economic capital
- no money, land, or education
- few tools and skills
- economic freedom was at mercy of the whites
- have to go back to plantations
What did the whites want for the ex-slaves?
to keep them landless
What are the aspects of presidential reconstruction?
- abolish slavery with 13th amend.
- full amnesty for rebels
- wealthy receive presidential pardon
- impose black codes
- special police focus on freedmen
What were the “black codes”?
- hunting, fishing, free grazing of livestock, and guns denied to black people
- vagrancy laws (must have job)
What are aspects of congressional reconstruction?
- believe in racial integration with equal rights
- 14th and 15th amends.
- reconstruction act of 1867
- freedmen’s bureau
what was the 14th ammendment?
- birthright citizenship
- citizenship rights for everyone
- equal protection under the law
- due process rights apply to state
what was the 15th ammendment?
- guarantees the right to vote for black males
- but still have tax, tests, and property requirement
what was the reconstruction act of 1867?
- declares all southern states inoperable
- divided south into 5 military districts
- fed. troops oversee rewriting of state constitutions
- states must pass 14th to have representation
how did black males gain political power?
no more voting restrictions
What were aspects of public schools in the south?
- required by reconstruction act
- symbolizes freedom for black people
- white northern women came to teach
What was “40 acres and a mule”?
Sherman said they could keep the land and mule they used in the war
What was sharecropping?
- main form of agriculture in the south by 1870
- only 20% of slaves own land
- former slaves rent land, pay for goods with share of crop
- cheated by owners
What was the election of 1876?
- Hays vs. Tilden
- compromise ends of northern troops to enforce desegregation
What was the KKK?
- use violence against blacks
- target catholics and jews
What was the Cruikshank case?
- disputed election leads to 2 governors
- judge rules republicans won
- installs republican judge and sheriff
- white supremacists attack courthouse
- ignore white flag and kill 100 blacks
- US attorney prosecutes 3 white men
What came from the Cruikshank case?
supreme court rules that the 14th amendment only allows fed gov to act against state govs, not individuals
what was plessy vs. ferguson?
- 2 different cars
- emphasizes separate but equal
What were the Jim crow laws?
- enforces segregation through laws
- every aspect of human life
