Who was Admiral Mahan?
- great power have great navies
- US needs to control Pacific
What did Theodore Roosevelt believe?
the US should “Speak softly, but carry a big stick”
Why did Woodrow Wilson feel the need to fight in WW1?
to make the world “safe for democracy”
What did Mahan, Roosevelt, and Wilson all share?
the idea the the US’s proper role is to spread its influence
What were the roots of imperialism in the mid to late 19th century?
- historical context of Manifest Destiny
- european military and economic competition
- foreign policy-makers dominated by Southerners
- natural to extend US to Caribbean
What was the Spanish-American war?
- Cuba revolting against Spanish rule
- sinking of the Maine
- Newspapers sensationalized “yellow journalism”
- military investigation in Nicaragua, Dominican Republic and Haiti
What was the sinking of the Maine?
- over 250 US sailors killed
- Navy says blown up by mine
- 1976 research says fire ignited ammunition stockpile
What was included in the Treaty of Paris?
- US gained control of Philippines and Cuba
- US businesses control economy and own the best land
- US pays Spain $20 million for Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam
What happened to the Philippians opposition to imperialism?
- US annexes 7000 islands with million people
- Pres. McKinley believed he needed to educate, civilize, and Christianize them
- Uprising against US control
What did Pres. McKinley believe about the Filipinos?
- they were unfit to govern themselves
- defines civilization in economic terms
What did the uprising against US control in 1898 to 1902 contain?
- Filipinos see war of independence; US sees as insurrection
- 220,000 FIlipinos die; 4,300 Americans
What did the opposition to imperialism look like back home?
- Andrew Carnegie offers to buy Philippines to secure their independence
- labor leaders
- Democrats
- Authors and intellectuals
What was the result of the Panama Canal?
- Panama belongs to Colombia
- Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
- Panama revolts against Colombia
What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
- US to intervene in hemisphere for stability
- 22 times 1898-1920
What did the US do in support for Panama’s revolt against Colombia?
the US Navy supported them
What was the European context of WW1?
- European peace
- independence movements within Austria-Hungarian and Ottoman empires
- Germany unhappy about being shut out of colonies
- arms race develops among greatest powers
- nations form complex alliances for protection
What events led up the US involvement WW1?
- assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
- international alliances create world war
- Zimmerman telegram
- sinking of 3 US merchant ships
what was the political change at home during the war?
- unprecedented government power; goes against political tradition of individualism
- heavy regulation of business; gov controls everything
what was the social change at home during the war?
- 100,000 mexican immigrants to southwest to help ranchers and farmers
- progressives lead alliance between business and government
What was the economic change at home during the war?
- women enter workforce
- blacks work in northern factories
How were civil liberties under attack at home?
- historical tension between war opponents
- show loyalty by renaming foods
- private groups serve as spies
What was the American Protection League?
- listen in on phone calls and open mail
- 2000 members kidnap strikers and load them into the cattle train
What was trench warfare like?
- cold
- wet
- gassed
- sickness
what were the 14 points?
- removes causes of war
- fair settling of colonial claims
- league of nations mutual defense agreement
