Chapter 15

Question 1

1. “Lost Cause”

Answer 1

white southerners romanticized Civil War, looked back at the old south nostalgically, Confederate heroes looked at with reverence.

Question 2

2. 13th Amendement

Answer 2

abolished slavery in America

Question 3

3. Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 3

agency of the army established by Congress to help blacks. Distributed food, established schools, and made efforts to settle blacks on their own land. Was a small organization, too much so to have too big of an impact

Question 4

4. Lincoln’s 10% plan

Answer 4

offered amnesty to white southerners, other than high officials of the Confederacy, who would pledge loyalty to the government and accept the elimination of slavery. When 10% of the voters in the state took the oath, loyal voters could set up a state gov’t. LA, AK, and TN established gov’ts under this plan

Question 5

5. Radical Republicans

Answer 5

Led by Thaddeus Stevens of PA and Charles Sumner of MA, wanted Confederacy punished. Wished to disenfranchise many white southerners. Established plan for reconstruction. Passed Tenure of Office Act and Command of the Army Act. Tried to have Johnson impeached

Question 6

6. Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 6

passed by radicals, authorized the president to appoint a provisional gov’t for southern states. When a majority of white males pledged allegiance, the governor could summon a state constitutional convention

Question 7

7. Pocket Veto

Answer 7

veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.

Question 8

8. Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Answer 8

killed by John Wilkes booth in Ford’s Theatre

Question 9

9. John Wilkes Booth

Answer 9

assassinated president Lincoln

Question 10

10. Johnson’s Reconstruction plan

Answer 10

offered amnesty to white southerners who would take an oath of allegiance. Otherwise similar to Wade-Davis bill

Question 11

11. Black Codes

Answer 11

gave whites control over blacks, authorized officials to apprehend unemployed blacks, fine them for vagrancy,

Question 12

12. Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 12

declared blacks to be citizens of the US and gave the federal govt power to intervene on state affairs to protect the rights of citizens

Question 13

13. 14th Amendment

Answer 13

defined American citizenship. Everyone born in the US and everyone naturalized was a full citizen and entitled to all the privileges guaranteed by the Constitution

Question 14

14.Three Reconstruction Bills

Answer 14

established a coherent plan for Reconstruction, vetoed by Johnson, overruled. TN admitted for ratifying 14th amendment. other 10 states divided into 5 military districts. Qualified voters defined as all adult blacks males and white males who had not participated in the rebellion.

Question 15

15. 15th Amendment

Answer 15

gave suffrage to all adult male citizens

Question 16

16. Tenure of Office Act

Answer 16

forbade the president to remove civil officials, including members of his cabinet, w/o Senate approval. Mainly to protect radical Sec of War Edwin M. Stanton

Question 17

17. Command of the Military Act

Answer 17

prohibited the president from issuing military orders except through the commanding general of the army (General Grant)

Question 18

18. Ex Parte Milligan

Answer 18

Court declared military tribunals unconstitutional where civil courts were functioning, lead to Congress to try to require 2/3 of justices to support a decision overruling a law of Congress

Question 19

19. Impeachment and Acquittal of Johnson

Answer 19

Radicals tried to impeach Johnson for dismissing Stanton and violating Tenure of Office Act. Radicals wanted him out because he stood in the way of his plans. One vote short of 2/3 majority needed

Question 20

20. scalawags

Answer 20

Southern white republicans. Many were former whigs and wealthy, interested in economic development of the region

Question 21

21. carpetbaggers

Answer 21

White northerners that saw the south as a new frontier and full of potential, often middle class

Question 22

22.Hiram Revels Blanche Bruce

Answer 22

Revels and Bruce were the first two African-American politicians to serve a full term in the United States Senate.

Question 23

23. “Forty acres and a mule!”

Answer 23

agrarian reform for former enslaved African American farmers

Question 24

24. sharecropping/tenant farming

Answer 24

landowners rented land to farmers who usually supplied them with farming tools and a crude house, farmers grew crops for landowners and kept a small percentage, often not enough to sell. Farmers lived in poverty as a result.

Question 25

25. crop-lien system

Answer 25

System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans

Question 26

26. Election of U.S. Grant

Answer 26

took place in 1868 and Ulysses Simpson Grant

Question 27

27. "Grantism"

Answer 27

Term coined by senator Charles Sumner in 1872 during a Presidential election year. Accused Grant of political patronage, nepotism, and being an autocrat.

Question 28

28. Credit Mobilier Scandal

Answer 28

A French railroad construction company that consisted of many of the insiders of the Union Pacific Railway.

Question 29

29. Panic of 1873

Answer 29

Building of second transcontinental railroad precipitated the Wall Street panic and plunged the economy into a-year depression.

Question 30

30. Seward's Folly

Answer 30

William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska

Question 31

31. Ku Klux Klan

Answer 31

the largest, most effective organization of white supremacists that used lynchings, beatings, and threats to control the black population in the United States

Question 32

32. Enforcement Acts

Answer 32

Prohibited radical anti-black groups and protected the voting rights of African Americans

Question 33

33. Social Darwinism

Answer 33

that people failed because of their own weaknesses, and encouraged government intervention in social and economic life

Question 34

34. Election of 1877

Answer 34

Democrat: Samuel Tilden (civil service reformer, former attorney general of NY (bagged Tweed). Republican: Rutherford Hayes (moderate).

Question 35

35. Compromise of 1877

Answer 35

Unwritten deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) and Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South.

Question 36

36. Redeemers/Bourbons

Answer 36

When the south was returned to Conservative Democratic rule after the Radical Republicans of Reconstruction

Question 37

37. New South

Answer 37

the south after reconstruction

Question 38

38. Minstrel shows

Answer 38

shows that involved actors becoming black-faced in order to make a mockery of blacks

Question 39

39. Convict Lease System

Answer 39

the process of releasing prisoners to work for private companies

Question 40

40. Booker T. Washington

Answer 40

Influential black educator and leader. Said black could be social separated with whites, but together on other issues.

Question 41

41. The Atlanta Compromise

Answer 41

Major speech on race-relations given by Booker T. Washington addressing black labor opportunities, and the peril of whites ignoring black injustice

Question 42

42. Plessey v. Ferguson

Answer 42

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Plessy was made to sit in the black train car because he was an octoroon (1/8 black). Railroad company was on his side because they paid too much to maintain separate cars.

Question 43

43. Cumming v. County Board of Education

Answer 43

changed the black high school to 4 primary schools in order to provide white students a private school.

Question 44

44. Jim Crow Laws

Answer 44

were racial segregation laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States

Question 45

45. lynching/vigilante mob 'justice'

Answer 45

The practice of an angry mob hanging a perceived criminal without regard to due process.