Chapter 15- Peer relations

Question 1

What is the developmental trend during infancy?

Answer 1

Object-centered

Question 2

What is the developmental trend in toddlerhood?

Answer 2

Synchronic imitation

Question 3

What are the 2 developmental trends in Preschool?

Answer 3

• Symbolic representation
• Pretend play

Question 4

What are the 2 developmental trends in school aged children?

Answer 4

• Same-sex groups
• Early romances (“bf and gf”)

Question 5

What is the developmental trend in Adolescence?

Answer 5

Cliques

Question 6

What 2 developmental changes do we see in preschool/early school aged?

Answer 6

• Playmates
• Propinquity (forming relationships with people they encounter repeatedly)

Question 7

What 2 developmental changes do we see in Mid-Childhood?

Answer 7

• Shared values & tastes
• Behavioral homophily (like the same things)

Question 8

What developmental change do we see in early adolescence and onward?

Answer 8

• intimacy, loyalty

Question 9

What is the sociometric scale?

Answer 9

Used to determine who kids like most and who do kids like least using a scale from low to high

Question 10

What are the 4 groups on the sociometric scale?

Answer 10

Rejected: liked the least
Neglected: not liked the least nor liked the most
Controversial: liked the least and liked the most
Popular: liked the most

Question 11

Subtypes of popularity: What is sociometric popularity?

6pts

Answer 11

• “Who do you like?”
• high on acceptance
• high on social preference
• friendly
• prosocial
• perspective-taking

Question 12

Subtypes of popularity: What is perceived popularity?
6pts

Answer 12

• “Who is popular?”
• dominant
• high status
• stylish
• wealthy
• athletic

Question 13

Correlates of Acceptance-Rejection: What are behavioral correlates? What are the important social skills?
4pts

Answer 13

• social contacts: not quantity but quality to acceptance
• social skills:
• initiating interaction
• maintaining interaction
• resolving conflict

Question 14

What entails initiating interaction?

2pts

Answer 14

• entry skills
• confidence

Question 15

What entails maintaining interaction?

3pts

Answer 15

• skilled at rewarding kids
• better-developed communication skills
• better at perspective-taking

Question 16

What entails resolving conflict?

Answer 16

• social problem-solving

Question 17

Correlates of Acceptance-Rejection: What are non- behavioral correlates?

7pts

Answer 17

• Birth order:
  -Later borns better liked than first borns

Names:
- Offbeat names may result in ridicule and may mean offbeat parents

• self esteem
• achievement (academic and sports)
• Intelligence
• physical attractiveness
• body build

Question 18

What are 2 behavioral problems?

Answer 18

• aggression
• social withdrawal

Question 19

What are 3 things aggressive children tend to be poorer at?

Answer 19

• poorer at problem solving
• poorer at impulse control
• poorer in empathy and perspective taking

Question 20

What do withdrawn kids typically look like?

6pts

Answer 20

• unassertive
• shy
• isolated
• passive
• overly sensitive
• anxious

Question 21

Why do kids need friends?

Answer 21

helps them emotionally, helps with socialization (more experience you have with social interactions, the better you get at them)

Question 22

What is the difference between a clique and a crowd?

Answer 22

clique: smaller group, who you gravitate towards, close to , similar values, attitudes
Crowds: larger groups, figure out your identity, not necessarily your friends