Any object that contains handwriting or typescript and whose source or authenticity is in doubt is referred to as a(n) _____.
questioned document
True or False: Our general style of handwriting develops as a result of our attempts in childhood to copy letters that match a standard form or style shown to us by our teachers.
True
In a problem involving the authorship of handwriting, all characteristics of both the _____ and _____ documents must be considered and compared.
True or False: A single handwriting characteristic can by itself be taken as a basis for a positive comparison.
False
Handwriting examples may have a crude, unnatural form or be written very carefully to disguise the writer’s natural _____.
style
Known examples of writings, called_____ , must be collected in order to determine the outcome of a comparison.
exemplars
As the age difference between genuine and unknown specimens becomes greater, the standard tends to become _____ representative of the unknown.
less
True or False: Two or more specimens of writing prepared by one person are identical in every detail.
False
In the Supreme Court case of _____ , the Court upheld the taking of handwriting exemplars before the appointment of counsel and determined handwriting to be nontestimonial evidence not protected by Fifth Amendment privileges.
Gilbert v. California
True or False: Normally known writings need not contain words and combinations of letters present in the questioned document.
False
When requested writing is being given by a suspect, care must be taken to minimize a(n) _____ writing effort.
concsious
An examiner should generate approximately _____ samples through a questioned photocopier, printer, or fax machine to obtain a sufficient representation of a machine’s characteristics.
10
A fax machine prints a kind of header known as a _____ at the top of each page it prints, which can be used for comparison and authentication purposes.
(TTI) transmitting terminal identifier
Examination of a printer’s _____involves microscopic analysis and the identification of organic and inorganic components.
toner
Examination of a document under _____ or _____ lighting may reveal chemical erasures of words or numbers.
ultraviolet; infrared
Handwriting containing inks of different chemical compositions may be distinguished by photography with _____ film.
True or False: If obliteration of writing is carried out with the same ink as was used to write the original material recovery will be difficult if not impossible.
True
Infrared photography can also be used to visualize writing on paper that has been accidentally or purposely _____ in a fire.
charred
_____ writings are partially visible impressions that appear on a sheet of paper that, at the time of writing, was underneath the one on which the visible writing was done.
indented
When comparing the chemical composition of ink lines on a questioned document, a(n) can be used without destroying the document.
microspectrophotometer
Many ink dyes can be separated by the technique of _____ chromatography.
thin-layer
True or False: Examination of the paper of a questioned document is based on general appearance, color, weight, and watermarks.
True
The U.S. Secret Service and the Internal Revenue Service maintain a data bank of ink dye patterns developed by what method?
TLC
When words have been crossed out, document examiners frequently uncover the original writing with the aid of what?
infrared radiation
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Recording The Crime Scene64
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Collection of Crime-Scene Evidence37
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Physical Evidence28
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Pictograms15
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Death Investigation54
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Crime - Scene Reconstruction25
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Chapter 10 - Bloodstain Pattern Analysis46
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Chapter 11 - Drugs72
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Chapter 12 - Forensic Toxicology53
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Chapter 13 - Hairs and Fibers47
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Chapter 14 - Trace Evidence0
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Chapter 15 - Biological Stain Analysis56
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Chapter 16 - Fire/Explosion61
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Chapter 17 - Documents37
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Chapter 18 - Computer Forensics88
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Chapter 19 - Digital/Multimedia Forensics46
