Chapter 18

Question 1

enclosed and held by pericardium

Answer 1

heart covering

Question 2

sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer 2

• mass of cells in right atrium opening the superior vena cava
• sents impluses to artial muscles for atrial contractions
• stimulates AV node
• SA is pace maker

Question 3

final 0.4 sec

Answer 3

all chamber relax

Question 4

next 0.3 sec

Answer 4

• ventricles contract (systole)
• atria relax (diastole)

Question 5

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the — that is divided into — to deliver oxygenated blood to major organs

Answer 5

aorta; major arteries

Question 6

right coronary is divided into

Answer 6

posterior interventricular branch and marginal branch

Question 7

from the upper body

Answer 7

superior vena cava
* deoxygenated blood only

Question 8

timing

Answer 8

• 75 heart beats per minute (average)
• 1 heart beat= 1 cardiac cycle
• each cycle is about 0.08 sec= divided into 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.4 sec

Question 9

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 9

• located between the left ventricle and aorta
• 3 flaps
• attached to wall of aorta
• open inside the aorta
• oxygenated blood flow in one direction only

Question 10

comb like muscle projections on the inner wall of the
atria that provide rigidity to the atrial wall

Answer 10

pectinate muscles

Question 11

left coronary is divided into

Answer 11

anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch

Question 12

pulmonary trunk is divided into – and —— that delivers blood to the – and — for oxygentation

Answer 12

left and right pulmonary arteries; left and righ lungs

Question 13

ventricular diastole

Answer 13

• presurre drops
• semilunar valves close
• takes 0.05 sec
• is isovolumetric relaxation

Question 14

leads to heart block and cardiac arrest

Answer 14

hyperkalemia (high blood potassium level)

Question 15

pericardium has 2 parts

Answer 15

• fibrous pericardium
• serous pericardium

Question 16

right atrium then delivers deoxygenated blood to the –

Answer 16

right ventricle

Question 17

thicker than the atrial wall

Answer 17

ventricular wall

Question 18

is an oval depression on the septal wall of the right atrium

Answer 18

fossa ovalis

Question 19

is created when the atrioventricular valves close

Answer 19

lubb

Question 20

endocardium

Answer 20

• thin layer of fibrous connective tissue
• lines heart muscle and heart valves

Question 21

two atria are separated by ____

Answer 21

interatrial septum

Question 22

that supply blood to the wall
of the left ventricle

Answer 22

anterior interventricular branch

Question 23

valves of the heart

Answer 23

• two atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral)
• two semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)

Question 24

right atrium recieves deoxygenated blood through

Answer 24

• superior vena cava
• inferior vena cava
• coronary sinus

Question 25

ventricles receive atrial blood

Answer 25

ventriclar filling

Question 26

reduced ionic calcium depresses the heart

Answer 26

hypocalcemia

Question 27

right ventricle delivers deoxygenated blood to the--

Answer 27

pulmonary trunk

Question 28

that supply blood to the wall of the right ventricle

Answer 28

posterior interventricular branch

Question 29

dramatically increases heart irritability and leads to convulsive contractions

Answer 29

hypercalcemia

Question 30

entire heart muscle behave as a single unit

Answer 30

functional syncytium

Question 31

two ventricle are separated by ____

Answer 31

interventrucular septum

Question 32

deoxygenated blood is collected by --

Answer 32

coronary sinus

Question 33

heart wall two layers of tissue

Answer 33

- myocardium - endocardium

Question 34

that drains posterior part of the heart wall

Answer 34

middle cardiac vein

Question 35

is the phase of relaxation

Answer 35

diastole

Question 36

is an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart – that corresponds to the site of fossa ovalis

Answer 36

foramen ovale

Question 37

the space between the parietal and visceral layers; contains pericardial fluid

Answer 37

pericardial cavity * serous pericardium

Question 38

irregular muscular columns projected from the inner surface of the right ventricle of the heart

Answer 38

trabeculae carneae

Question 39

is the phase of contraction

Answer 39

systole

Question 40

heart sound

Answer 40

- lubb and dupp - lubb is louder and longer than the dupp

Question 41

heart rate less than 60 beats/min

Answer 41

bradycardia

Question 42

finger like muscle projections inside the ventricles

Answer 42

papillary muscles

Question 43

oxygenated blood from the lungs is delivered to the left atrium through

Answer 43

pulmonary veins

Question 44

thicker than the right ventricular wall

Answer 44

left ventricular wall

Question 45

pumonary semilunar valve

Answer 45

- located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk - 3 flaps - attached to wall of pulmonary trunk - open inside pulmonary trunk - deoxygenated blood flow in one direction only

Question 46

blocks heart contraction by inhibiting calcium ion transport

Answer 46

hypernatremia (high blood sodium level)

Question 47

impluses are sent by a bundle of nerve fibers called the ---

Answer 47

bundle of his (atrioventricular bundle)

Question 48

oxgenated blood is supplied by --- and ---

Answer 48

right and left coronary arteries

Question 49

from heart muscles

Answer 49

coronary sinus * deoxygenated blood from heart

Question 50

tricuspid valve

Answer 50

- 3 flaps - valves are connected to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle by chordae tendineae (fibrous tissue)

Question 51

myocardium

Answer 51

- cardiac muscle - many layers, involuntary

Question 52

from the lower body

Answer 52

inferior vena cava * deoxygenated blood only

Question 53

heart muscle are stimulated by nerves

Answer 53

self-excitable

Question 54

outer thicker layer if fibrous tissue

Answer 54

fibrous pericardium

Question 55

serous pericardium

Answer 55

- divided into parietal (outer) and visceral (inner) layers

Question 56

first 0.1 sec

Answer 56

- atria contract (systole) - ventricle relax (diastole)

Question 57

that supply blood to the wall of the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 57

circumflex branch

Question 58

that the anterior part of the heart wall

Answer 58

great cardiac vein

Question 59

that supply blood to the wall of the right ventricle

Answer 59

marginal branch

Question 60

heart rate over 100 beats/min

Answer 60

tachycardia

Question 61

biscuspid valve

Answer 61

- also known as mitral valve - 2 flaps - valves are connected to the papillary muscles of the left ventricle by chordae tendineae

Question 62

is created when the semilunar valves close

Answer 62

dubb

Question 63

pathway of blood through the heart and lungs

Answer 63

right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semulunar valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left artium → bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta → systemic circulation

Question 64

ventricular systole

Answer 64

- atrioventricular valves close - ventricles contract - first 0.05 sec is isovolmetic contraction period - semilunar valves open up; ejection period (0.25 sec) - ventricles pump 1/2 blood content= stroke volume

Question 65

is the systole and diastole of the atria and the ventricles

Answer 65

complete cardiac cycle

Question 66

heart has 4 chambers

Answer 66

right atrium (superior), left atrium (superior), right ventricle (inferior), and left ventricle (inferior)

Question 67

atrial systole

Answer 67

- 70% artial blood flow to ventricles when artioventricular valves are open - 30% artial blood flow under atrial contraction