Chapter 18: Urinary System

Question 1

6 Functions of Urinary System:
(RRRRRA)

Answer 1

-Removal of waste
-Regulation of blood volume
-Regulation of pH
-Regulation of RBC
-Regulation of blood solute concentration
-Activates Vitamin D

Question 2

Specific functions of the 4 structures:
(KIDNEY, URETER, URINARY BLADDER, & URETHRA)

Answer 2

KIDNEY: forms urine

URETER: transport urine from kidney -> ureter

URINARY BLADDER: stores urine

URETHRA: releases urine out

Question 3

TRUE/FALSE
Urinary system ONLY activates Vitamin D, it does not produce it

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There are 2 kidneys (1 left & 1 right), which is higher?

Answer 4

Left kidney is higher than right kidney

Question 5

What will the kidney do?

Answer 5

kidney will produce urine & release it, BUT concentration of urine CANNOT be altered

Question 6

YES/NO
Can the concentration of urine be altered?

Answer 6

NO, it cannot be altered

Question 7

Name the order of urine flow
(hint: there are 4 structures)

Answer 7

Kidney -> Ureter -> Urinary Bladder -> Urethra

Question 8

TRUE/FALSE
The right kidney is lower than the left kidney

Answer 8

TRUE (left kidney is higher)

Question 9

What is another name for adrenal glands? (pinto-bean shaped things on kidney)

Answer 9

Suprarenal glands

Question 10

Renal hilum

Answer 10

Root of the kidney

Question 11

There are 4 structures within the Renal Hilum.

There are 2 that ENTER the kidney, which are they?

AND… there are the other 2 that LEAVE the kidney, which are they?

Answer 11

ENTER kidney:
-Renal artery
-Renal nerve

EXIT kidney:
-Renal vein
-Ureter

Question 12

Renal capsule:

Answer 12

outermost layer

Question 13

Renal cortex:

Answer 13

outer-edge found deep within renal capsule

Question 14

Renal medulla:

Answer 14

inner area

Question 15

Renal pyramids:

Answer 15

cone-shapes found in medulla

Question 16

what is the extension between the cortex & medulla?
OR
basically, between the pyramids
(HINT: Renal _____)

Answer 16

Renal column

Question 17

Minor calyx

Answer 17

funnel-like & yellow structure; draining apex of pyramid

Question 18

When there are 2 minor calyx, then that will form a new structure called…

Answer 18

major calyx

Question 19

How is a major calyx formed?

Answer 19

when 2 minor calyx merge together

Question 20

What does the major calyx form?

Answer 20

Renal pelvis

Question 21

ORDER of macroscopic urine flow:
(HINT: starts w/ minor calyx to urethra)

Answer 21

-minor calyx
-major calyx
-renal pelvis
-ureter
-urinary bladder
-urethra

Question 22

What is the MOST BASIC FUNCTIONING UNIT of the kidney?

Answer 22

-Nephron

Question 23

What are the 4 renal corpusule structures?

Answer 23

-Bowman’s capsule
-Bowman’s space
-Glomerulus
-Podocyte

Question 24

What are podocytes?

Answer 24

cells w/ foot processes

Question 25

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 25

network of capillaries

Question 26

Afferent arteriole

Answer 26

blood vessels INTO glomerulus (rises it)

Question 27

Efferent arteriole

Answer 27

blood vessels DRAINING//OUT of glomerulus (gives rise to peritubular capillaries)

Question 28

What is filtrate?

Answer 28

fluids that are collected @ Bowman's capsule

Question 29

Order of filtrate level:

Answer 29

Renal capsule -> PCT -> Loops -> DCT -> CD -> Minor calyx -> Major calyx -> Renal pelvis -> Ureter

Question 30

How many nephrons are in the kidney? (estimation)

Answer 30

about 1 million

Question 31

Which is the "work-horse"?

Answer 31

PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)

Question 32

There are 4 renal tubular structures, what are they? AND... which one is macula dense located at?

Answer 32

-PCT -DCT (this is where macula dense is located) -LOH -CD

Question 33

AGAIN... where is macula dense located?

Answer 33

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Question 34

Where does filtration occur? The renal...

Answer 34

Kidneys... SPECIFICALLY, glomerulus and renal corpuscle

Question 35

What are the 3 processes in the renal tubular structures?

Answer 35

-Filtration -Tubular reabsorption -Tubular secretion (occurs outside renal corpsule)

Question 36

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

Answer 36

-Cortical nephron -Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 37

Describe the cortical nephron?

Answer 37

shorter LOH & superficial of renal cortex

Question 38

Describe the juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 38

longer LOH & deeper in renal cortex

Question 39

Between the Afferent & Efferent arteriole, which one is LARGER than the other? ALSO, what two cells does it have?

Answer 39

Afferent it has JG (juxtaglomerular) cells & Macula dense cells

Question 40

Between the Afferent & Efferent arteriole, which one is SHORTER than the other?

Answer 40

Efferent

Question 41

Between male & female, whose urethra is longer?

Answer 41

Male (penis is longer)

Question 42

When referring to a man's urethra, it will entail 3 layered structures. Which are they? FROM most PROXIMAL TO DISTAL (hint: P______ -> M______ -> S_______)

Answer 42

1. Prostatic (most proximal; balls) 2. Membranous 3. Spongy (most distal; entire penis)